Briefing on Croatia and the Partnership for Peace Program

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PFP WORKSHOP ON DEFENCE POLICY AND STRATEGYPFP'S
CONTRIBUTIONS TO PREVENTING OR MANAGING FUTURE
CRISESGeneva, Switzerland, 11 -12 October
2001 Croatia's Contribution to Regional
Peace,Stability and Security by Captain Robert
Hranj,Office for NATO/PfP, MoD Croatia
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Croatias Contribution to RegionalPeace,
Stability and Security- a defense perspective -
Republic of Croatia
Ministry of Defense

• Department for NATO/ PfP
• Zagreb, October 10, 2001

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Overview

• Background
• Security Environment - Threats Risks
• Government Program
• International Activities
• Bilateral, Multilateral, Regional Initiatives
• Future Challenges

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SEE - background

• Southeast Europe - historically troubled region
• at the crossroads of cultures, religions,
  empires
• subject to foreign influences
• migrations demographics
• non-democratic history
• disintegration of states wars
• differences in economic development, religion,
  ethnic
• spillover effect of the conflicts in the region

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Security Environment

• Unstable uncertain environment
• Security no longer a zero sum game
• No country can rely on its own defense
  capabilities
• Cooperative security prevention
• Regional bilateral cooperation
• Security threats

reality vs. perception SEECAP ? independent
studies
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Security Environment
Common Security Concerns

• International terrorism
• Economic difficulties political instability
• Minority human rights
• Ethnic religious differences
• Organized crime corruption
• Proliferation of WMD
• Unresolved border issues
• Drugs arms trafficking
• Illegal migration
• Trans-national environmental natural disasters

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Security Environment
Particular Security Concerns of Croatia

• Viable and self-sustaining peace in
  Bosnia-Herzegovina
• Relations with FR Yugoslavia
• Peaceful resolution of Kosovo Macedonia crisis
• Tensions between Serbia Montenegro

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Security Environment

• Terrorism
• Origins, causes global implications
• New common security approach
• Anti-terrorist coalition
• Utilising regional international cooperation
• Croatia - part of the international coalition
• full political support
• exchange of intelligence information
• installations, resources capabilities support
• enhance border control, fighting proliferation,
  organized crime

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Security Environment
Croatian Security Foreign Policy

• Security in our region improved, but still
  unstable uncertain
• Good-neighborly relations
• Promote regional cooperation
• Contribute to international peace operations
• Euro-Atlantic orientation - NATO EU
• Strengthen bilateral relationships (US,
  neighbors, Europe key international actors)
• International commitments (i.e., Dayton)

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Government Program
Defense

• Self-defense to ensure national security
• Readiness capabilities of armed forces new
  missions and non-traditional tasks
• Transparency of defense democratic control of
  armed forces
• Strengthen international military cooperation
• Extend participation in international peace
  operations
• Defense reforms reorganization

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Government Program
Defense Reforms interoperability with forces of
NATO countries a guiding principle

• Changes in basic defense concept
• New roles missions
• Organizational changes
• downsizing force restructuring
• conscription
• decreasing budget - reallocation of resources
• MOD GS restructuring
• Legislative adjustments
• constitutional changes, new defense laws
• law on international missions operations
• Modernization

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International Activities
Arms Control
Bilateral Relations
PSO/PKO
InternationalPeace, Stability Security
Common Actions
CSBMs
Regional Initiatives
Multilateral Relations
Multinational Formations
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International Activities
Bilateral Defense Relations

• Promotes cooperation, understanding trust
• Builds friendships
• Focused on neighbors, regional international
  strategic partners
• Mutually beneficial - focused on needs
• Integral part of Euro-Atlantic approach
  fundamental building block for multilateral
  relations

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International Activities
Bilateral Relations
ALBANIA POLAND ITALY AUSTRIA ROMANIA
SPAIN BULGARIA RUSSIA MACEDONIA CZECH
R. SLOVAKIA GREECE FRANCE TURKEY HUNGARY UKRAINE
UNITED KINGDOM ISRAEL USA GERMANY
SLOVENIA
Agreements Annual Programs
Annual Programs Only
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International Activities

• Croatia in PfP
• PfP - first step to NATO
• PfP, outside of NATO membership, the best
  international mechanism to promote Croatias
  security foreign policy
• Enables Croatia to make greater contribution to
  international regional security
• Opportunities

• Regional cooperation
• Consultation mechanisms
• Training education
• Support in defense reforms
• Enhances AF capabilities
• Multinational exercises
• Peacetime multinational formations

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International Activities

• Forces and assets available for NATO-led
  operations
• forces
• - one infantry company
• - one platoon of military police
• - one NBC platoon for decontamination
• - two medical support teams
• one helicopter (Mi-8MTV)
• assets
• - naval port Split
• - scuba-diving training
• - Udbina airstrip
• - training ground Slunj Gainci
• - School of foreign languages

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International Activities
PSO/PKO

• From host to contributor of PKO (UNMOP)
• Founding of a center for PSO in GS
• UNAMSIL - Sierra Leone (from Sept 1999)
• Ethiopia/Eritrea (observers medical unit)
• Since joining PfP - focused on NATO-led PfP PSO
• Support to SFOR Croatia - a silent partner
• Stand-by arrangement
• Staff officer in UN DPKO - NY (2002)
• Mil Rep to Croatian Mission to UN (2002)

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International Activities

• OSCE CSBMs
• Vienna Document 1999 AEMI, Defense Planning,
  Budget, other military information
• FSC Decisions GEMI, Code of Conduct, other
  military questionnaires
• Regional and additional CSBMs
• Arms Control
• Arms Control Department in MOD evaluations,
  inspections visits
• Dayton Sub-Regional Agreement on Arms Control
• RACVIAC (Stability Pact for SEE)

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International Activities
Regional Initiatives

• Stability Pact for SEE
• Demobilization, mines, civil emergencies
• Southeast Europe Defense Ministerial (SEDM)
• Quadrilateral Cooperation (Italy, Hungary,
  Slovenia Croatia)
• Adriatic-Ionian Initiative
• Multinational formations
• MLF, MPFSEE/SEEBRIG

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International Activities
SEEI

• NATO initiative involvement
• Key to success regional ownership
• PfP members from the region B-H FRY
• Strong interlink w/ other regional initiatives
• SEEGROUP Croatian chairmanship
• Initiatives
• Taming the Dragon a fire-fighting exercise
• re-training resettlement of redundant
  personnel
• bases closure and conversion

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International Activities
Regional Initiatives

• Key country organizations involvement
• Regional ownership
• Local experience outside expertise
• International resources

• Numerous
• Overlaping
• No clear division of responsibilities
• Competition for limited funds

vs.
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Future Challenges

• Uncertainty in regional developments
• Economic development - power multiplier
• National budget constraints
• International engagement also requires human
  resources, information technology time
• Complexity of multinationality
• Achieving NATO EU membership

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The End
Peace - Stability - Security