Beginnings%20of%20the%20Global%20Age%20Europe,%20Africa%20

1
Beginnings of the Global Age Europe, Africa
Asia 1415-1796
2
Unit Objective

• To understand how EARLY TRADE NETWORKS helped the
  world move toward GLOBALIZATION.

Its a small world after all.
3
What do we already know?

• Why did European explorers want to travel to
  Asia?
• Why did Europeans find potentially dangerous sea
  routes preferable to over-land routes?

4
Which statement do you most agree with?

• Spreading religion is a valid reason for
  conquering other people
• B. Obtaining wealth is a valid reason for
  conquering
• Spreading democracy is a valid reason
• There are no valid reasons

5
Motivations for Exploring the Seas

• By the 1400s, Europes population had grown
  after the Black Death (plague)
• Spices preserved and flavored food, made medicine
  and perfume
• The Spice Islands were in present-day Indonesia
• Spices could not be grown elsewhere. (Europes
  Climate was not good for growing the spice
  plants.)
• See map pg. 85

Sailors had to get over their fear of the Earth
being flat. And their fear of sea monsters like
Krakens and Leviathans.
6
Giant Squid

• A giant squid has never lived for more than a few
  days in captivity.
• Most are found dead.

7
Sailors Impact

• Many scientists believe sailing vessels changed
  shark habits.
• Many sharks started following ships waiting to
  feast on the fish drawn to the ships waste.
• The Middle Passage in the Atlantic Slave Route
  also has drawn a larger number of sharks to the
  area.

8
It followed me home! Can I keep him?
9
(No Transcript)
10
Controlling trade between Europe and Asia

• Arab merchants brought goods from Asia to
  Mediterranean ports
• Italian Merchants sold goods from Asia within
  Europe
• Europeans paid higher prices because of the
  middle-man!
• Europeans wanted to control the spice trade via
  sea routes to Asia
• The sea routes are also faster.

11
Portugal Sails East

• Prince Henry paid for explorers and was able to
  expand Portugal into N. Africa
• Prince Henry wanted to
• 1. Convert Africans to Christianity
• 2. Find sources of riches within Africa
• 3. Find an easier route to Asia by going around
  Africa
• See map pg. 85

Prince Henry the Navigator Gave Portugal the
reputation of a sea faring nation.
12

• Mapped western coast of Africa, redesigned ships,
  and trained crews.
• Bartholomeu Dias rounded the tip of Africa in
  1488. The tip became known as the Cape of Good
  Hope because it opened the sea route to Asia.

13

• Vasco da Gama 1497 - sailed around Cape of Good
  Hope to India.
• Da Gama left Portuguese merchants in India to buy
  goods, and took control of key ports around the
  Indian Ocean, creating a trading empire for
  Portugal.

14
Columbus Seeks the East Indies

• While from Portugal, only Spain would sponsor his
  trip to sail West in order to reach E. Asia.
• Spains King and Queen sought riches.
• In 1492, he sailed w/the Nina, Pinta and Santa
  Maria looking for a direct sea route to India.
• Greatly underestimated the Earths size.

15

• Landed on Caribbean islands.
• Thought he was in East Indies, so called the
  natives Indians.
• Credited with finding a route to two unknown
  continents.

16
Columbuss Four Voyages
Voyage 1
Voyage 2
Voyage 3
Voyage 4
17
Columbus on the Natives

• "They... brought us parrots and balls of cotton
  and spears and many other things, which they
  exchanged for the glass beads and hawks' bells.
  They willingly traded everything they owned....
  They were well-built, with good bodies and
  handsome features.... They do not bear arms, and
  do not know them, for I showed them a sword, they
  took it by the edge and cut themselves out of
  ignorance. They have no iron. Their spears are
  made of cane.... They would make fine
  servants.... With fifty men we could subjugate
  them all and make them do whatever we want."

18
Line of Demarcation

• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella claimed the
  lands of the new world.
• The Pope divided the non-European world into two
  spheres Spain had trading and exploration
  rights in lands west of the line Portugal, east
  of the line.
• Formalized in the Treaty of Tordesillas.
• See map Pg. 85
• Question How did the Treaty of Tordesillas
  affect competition among European nations? Why?

19
America

• Amerigo Vespucci, a sea captain, wrote about
  Brazil and called it America.
• The Americas came to be used for both
  continents.

20
The Search for a Direct Route

• The English, Dutch and French explored N. America
  looking for a direct route to Asia (a northwest
  passage)
• Spanish explorer Balboa crossed Panama with help
  from the natives and reached the Pacific Ocean.
• Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) searched S. America
  for a direct route to Asia. He found he way
  around tip of S. American named it the Strait
  of Magellan

21
Magellan

• Magellans crew wanted to turn back, but he
  pressed on. He greatly underestimated the size
  of the Pacific.
• Landed in the Philippines 4 months later where he
  was killed.
• The survivors returned to Spain 3 yrs later, the
  first to circumnavigate (sail around) the world.

Are you Gellin?
22
(No Transcript)
23
Chuck Norris