Moving From the Present State of ELearning to Online Communities of Learners

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Moving From the Present State of E-Learning to
Online Communities of Learners

• Curt Bonk, Ph.D., cjbonk_at_indiana.edu
• Indiana University and CourseShare.com
• http//CourseShare.com
• http//php.indiana.edu/cjbonk

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A Vision of E-learning for Americas Workforce,
Report of the Commission on Technology and Adult
Learning, (2001, June)

• A remarkable 84 percent of two-and four-year
  colleges in the United States expect to offer
  distance learning courses in 2002 (only 58 did
  in 1998) (US Dept of Education report, 2000)
• The percentage of post-secondary students
  enrolled in distance ed is expected to triple
  from just 5 percent in 1998 to 15 percent in 2002.

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• The Market is Exploding!
• IDC expects the market to double in size every
  year through 2003 when the total e-learning
  market will reach 11.5 billion. Corporations
  are particularly interested in training their
  employees in soft skills (leadership, sales,
  etc.)growing at twice the rate of IT training.
• Steven McWilliam (2000), e-learning, 1(2), p.
  48. (same numbers from Merrill Lynch)

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Software and hardware customers e-learn the
ropes, Scott Tyler Shafer, Red Herring, Feb. 13,
2001

• Since Cisco is looking to educate 800,000 people
  globally, the classroom model wasnt feasible.
  Cisco selected and certified 120 partner
  training companies
• Oracle says it has 1,000 developers signing up
  every day to take courses over the companys Web
  Oracle Network (OLN)estimates it will train 2.5
  million engineers in 2001. (this was only
  500,000 in 2000)

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How the Internet Will Help Large-Scale
Assessment Reinvent Itself (2001, Feb).
Education Policy Analysis Archives, Volume 9
Number 5, By Randy Elliot Bennett, Educational
Testing Service, U.S.A.

• In the same way that the Internet is already
  helping to revolutionize commerce, education, and
  even social interaction, this technological
  advance will help revolutionize the business and
  substance of large-scale assessment.

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Part I. The State of E-Learning in Higher
Education in U.S.
http//PublicationShare.com
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Survey 1 222 College Faculty(Early Adopters of
the Web)
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Survey Limitations

• Sample pool
• Dated information
• Many were Web savvy
• The Web is changing rapidly
• Lengthy survey
• Some were administrators
• Does not address all issues

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Higher Education Fantasies

• Faculty just need a bit more training.
• Young faculty will jump on this.
• Pedagogical tools exist to TEACH online.
• Faculty will flock to sophisticated tech.
• Faculty are loyal.
• Web instruction is an either/or decision.

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How Old Are Early Web Adopters?
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Why post to MERLOT or the WLH?
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Internet Access

• 78 percent had Internet access in their current
  or most recent classroom.
• 93 percent had computer lab accessibility.
• 97 percent had home access.
• Note This is more than double the 47 percent of
  Americans who are users of the Internet at home
  as reported in a recent UCLA study (The UCLA
  Internet Report, 2000).

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Any Online Teaching Experiences?
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Who Owns Online Courses?
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Is Teaching Online Time-Consuming?
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Course Quality Improved Online?

• 39 percent unsure
• 32 percent agree it was improved and
• 29 percent said no.

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Courseware Systems

• 83 percent were provided a Web-based platform or
  courseware system
• 22 percent more than one.
• 27 of those making a decision had more than one.
• 10 percent had access to three courseware systems
  or conferencing tools.

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Courseware Features Like with Current Tool

• Comprehensive, consistent, customizable
• Ease of use, flexible, reliable
• Data and course security
• Detailed statistics on bulletin board use
• Good online help
• Internal e-mail systems, drop boxes, chats
• Posting of tasks due dates on Web
• Randomized test banks

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What Percent of Time Teach Online?
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Interested in Freelance Instruction?
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Any Obstacles to Teaching Online?
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Problems Faced

• Administrative
• Lack of admin vision.
• Lack of incentive from admin and the fact that
  they do not understand the time needed.
• Lack of system support.
• Little recognition that this is valuable.
• Rapacious U intellectual property policy.
• Unclear univ. policies concerning int property.

• Pedagogical
• Difficulty in performing lab experiments
  online.
• Lack of appropriate models for pedagogy.
• Time-related
• More ideas than time to implement.
• Not enough time to correct online assign.
• People need sleep Web spins forever.

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Any Supports Needed?
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Does technical support vary by size??
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Online Technology Pushes Pedagogy to the
ForefrontFrank Newman Jamie Scurry, Chronicle
of Higher Education, July 13, 2001, B7.

• Many faculty members are still concerned whether
  the technology is simple and reliable enough to
  use for more-sophisticated learning tasks.
  Increasingly, however, better software is
  emerging that engages students in more effective
  learning.

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What Instructional Activities are Needed?
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General Recommendations

• Develop Instructor Training Programs
• Foster Instructor Recognition and Support
• Create Instructor Resource Sharing Tools
• Develop Online Learning Policies
• Conduct Online Learning Research
• Form Online Learning Dev Partnerships
• Create/Test Online Learning Pedagogy

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So, any questions about the state of things?
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Part II. Building Online Communities of Learners
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The Good Net

• Theres an astonishing amount of warmth and
  human kindness from total strangers on the Net.
• Psychologist Patricia Wallace, Univ of Maryland
• E-mail has led me to correspond fairly regularly
  with cousins Id otherwise only see at
  funerals...E-mail has knit me more tightly into
  the fabric of my circle, not torn me out of it.
• Elizabeth Weise, USA Today, Feb 22nd, 2000

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The Bad Net...

• Greater Internet use
• lowered participation in family
• Lower communication
• Greater feelings of loneliness and depression
• (Kraut, Patterson, Lundmark, Kiesler,
  Mukopadhyay, Scherlis, 1998, American
  Psychologist).

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• The Internet is unlike anything weve seen
  before. Its a socially connecting device thats
  socially isolating at the same time.
• David Greenfield, Founder of the Center for
  Internet Studies (www.virtual-addiction.com),
  April 2000, The APA Monitor

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The Ugly Net

• Now we have Net abuse treatment centers
  springing up around the country
• Kimberly Young, USA Today, Feb., 21, 2000
• Web is heavily spiced with role-plays,
  deceptions, half-truths exaggerations.
• Patricia Wallace, USA Today, Feb 21st, 2000 (The
  Psychology of the Internet, Cambridge Univ Press,
  24.95)
• The more people use the Internet, the less time
  they spend with real people. And that situation
  has its problems.
• Marilyn Elias, USA Today, 5D, Feb. 21st, 2000

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When unable to access the Internet or forbidden
to go online, do you feel

• A. Anxiety
• B. Depression
• C. Mood swings
• D. Irritability
• E. Insomnia
• F. Panic attacks
• G. Restlessness

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How many hours per week do you currently spend
online(for nonessential purposes)?

• Do you feel preoccupied with the Internet?
• Have you ever used the Internet to escape
  situational difficulties?
• Does Internet use disrupt your work or
  job-related performance?

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Contact the Center for On-Line AddictionsNetaddi
ction.comDr. Kimberly Young, Univ of
PittsburghCaught in the Net (1998), John Wiley
and Sons
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Im mad as hell and Im not going to take this
anymore!!! Network, 1976, shouted by Howard
Beale (Peter Finch)
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• Howard Beale We'll tell you anything you want to
  hear, we lie like hec.
• Howard Beale You're beginning to believe the
  illusions we're spinning here, you're beginning
  to believe that the Web is reality and your own
  lives are unreal! You do! Why, whatever the Web
  tells you you dress like the Web, you eat like
  the Web, you raise your children like the Web,
  you even think like the Web! This is mass
  madness, you maniacs! ..., you people are the
  real thing, WE are the illusion!

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• Howard Beale Right now, there is a whole, an
  entire generation that never knew anything that
  didn't come out of this Web! This Web is the
  gospel, the ultimate revelation this Web can
  make or break presidents, popes, prime ministers
  this Web is the most awesome darn propaganda
  force in the whole godless world, and woe is us
  if it ever falls into the hands of the wrong
  people...And when the 12th largest company in the
  world controls the most awesome darn propaganda
  force in the whole godless world, who knows what
  stuff will be peddled for truth on this
  network!?

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Who am I Mad At???

• Administrators
• Colleagues
• The Registrars Office
• Students
• Textbook Companies
• Bookstores
• Courseware Companies
• The Media

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Survey Finds Concern on Administrative
ComputingChronicle of Higher Ed, June 22, 2001,
A33, Jeffrey R. Young

• Campus-technology leaders say they worry more
  about administrative-computing systems than about
  anything else related to their jobs.
• (survey by Educausean academic-technology
  consortium)

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• Colleges and universities ought to be concerned
  not with how fast they can put their courses up
  on the Web, but with finding out how this
  technology can be used to build and sustain
  learning communities Hiltz (1998, p. 7)

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How form a community???
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• A learning community is a group of individuals
  interested in a common topic or area, who engage
  in knowledge related transactions as well as
  transformations within it. They take advantage
  of the opportunity to exchange ideas and learn
  collectively.
• (Bonk Wisher, 2000
• Fulton Riel, 1999)

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Factors in Creating any Community

• (1) membership/identity
• (2) influence
• (3) fulfill of indiv needs/rewards
• (4) shared events emotional connections
• (McMillan Chavis, 1986).
• History, stories, expression, identity,
  participation, respect, autonomy, celebration,
  team building, shape group, Schwier, 1999 share
  stories, give info, express need, refer to rules,
  time, special stories, Chao, 2001)

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How Facilitate Online Community?

• Safety Establish safe environment
• Tone Flexible, inviting, positive, respect
• Personal Self-disclosures, open, stories telling
• Sharing Share frustrations, celebrations, etc
• Collaboration Camaraderie/empathy
• Common language conversational chat space
• Task completion set milestones grp goals
• Other Meaningful, choice, simple, purpose...

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Four Projects at the Center for Research on
Learning and Technology, Indiana University
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1. Quest Atlantis Project

• Quest Atlantis is a Web-based community-driven,
  meta-game built using 3D technologies and that
  combines elements of play, role playing,
  adventure, and learning,
• allowing 9-14 year old children from diverse
  socio-economic backgrounds to virtually travel to
  3-D, worlds where they select engaging quests,
  talk with other Questers and mentors, and build
  virtual persona.

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Legend of Atlantis

• Atlantis is facing impending disaster
• Disaster is a result of lost values and corrupt
  leadership
• A Council of Elders opened a portal to find help
• Children of the Earth can use this portal to save
  Atlantis
• Centers have been created to access the portal
• Children must save Atlantis and avoid our common
  fate

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2. Inquiry Learning Forum
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3. The TICKIT Project
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TICKIT Teacher Institute for Curriculum
Knowledge about the Integration of Technology
(http//www.indiana.edu/tickit)

• TICKIT Training and Projects
• Web Web quests, Web search, Web
  editing/publishing.
• Write Electronic newsletters.
• Tools Photoshop, Inspiration, PPt.
• Telecom e-mail with Key pals.
• Computer conferencing Nicenet.
• Web Course HighWired, MyClass, Lightspan, eBoard
• Digitizing using camera, scanning.

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Technology Integration Ideas

• Collab with students in other countries
• Make Web resources accessible
• Experts via computer conferencing (or interview
  using e-mail)
• Reflect Discuss on ideas on the Web.
• Put lesson plans on Web.
• Peer mentoring, role play, etc.
• Scavenger hunts.

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4. Learning to Teach with Technology Studio
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LTTS Self-Assessment
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Ten Other Projects and Communities???
Which of these are communities???
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1. BobWeb Videoconferencing Support Tool
(optional use)
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2a. COW Project Case Collaboration Discussion
on Web
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2b. The TITLE Project International Cases on Web
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3. SmartWeb Undergraduate Class with Online
Mentoring
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4. The CaseWeb (online case quizzes)
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5. TAPPED IN (www.tappedin.sri.com growing
community of over 6,000 K-16 teachers,
researchers, and staff)

• Hold real-time meetings and discussions
• Conduct Inquiries
• Meet colleagues
• Browse Web sites together,
• Explore professional development options,
• Find useful materials and resources
• Post items, share and create documents

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6. MERLOT.org and 7. the World Lecture Hall
http//merlot.org http//www.utexas.edu/world/lect
ure/
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8. CourseShare.com
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9. The Global Educators Network (GEN) and 10.
TrainingSuperSite
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So, what types of communities do you want in
Korea???