Applying Occupational health and safety in several occupational environment and aspect

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Applying Occupational health and safety in
several occupational environment and aspect

• Public Health Department
• Faculty of Medicine

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• To introduce applicable Occupational health and
  safety in several occupational environment and
  aspect

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• Danggur Kondarus, Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja,
  Litbang Danggur Partners, 2006,page 71-92
• Levy Wegman, Occupational Health, Recognizing
  and Preventing Work Related Disease. Third
  Edition. Little Broan and Company, Boston /
  NewYork/Toronto/London,2006. Chapter 32
• Rosenstock, Textbook of Clinical Occupational and
  Environmental Medicine, Second Edition, Saunders,
  2005. Chapter 11,12

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• Applying Occupational health and safety in
• Agriculture
• Construction site sector
• Transportation Sector (Land, Water and Air)
• Petroleum, gas and mining sector
• Industrial sector
• Office environment

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1. Agriculture

• Worldwide, more people work in agriculture than
  in any other industry
• Farm work remains one of the most labor intensive
  and lowest paid occupation

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• Contact with infected animals
• Dermatitis among agricultural workers has been
  associated with exposure
• - a variety of chemical agents including
  pesticides
• - sensitivity to plant material
• such as poison ivy and poison oak
• - infectious agent

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• Agricultural work is one of the most common forms
  and the most dangerous form of child labor
• Agriculture is considered one of the most
  hazardous industries for occupational injuries
  and death

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Selected Hazards and Health effects in Agriculture
Health Effect Hazard
Musculoskeletal disorders Prolonged stooping, heavy lifting repetitive movements ? planting, pruning, harvesting
Pesticide related conditions Mixing, loading and applying pesticides
Traumatic injuries Work related incidents with tractors and other farm equipment, motor vehicle crashes, lacerations from sharp tools for cutting and pruning
Respiratory condition Airborne exposure to allergic and irritant substances
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Health Effect Hazard
Dermatitis Skin contact with allergic and irritant substances, occurring in the soil and crops or in fertilizers and pesticides
Infectious Diseases Inadequate sanitation facilities, exposure to TBC,STD
Cancer Exposure to chemical substances Eg. Pesticides or prolonged sun exposure
Eye condition Exposure to dusty condition, foreign bodies from plant material penetrating the eye
Mental disorders Long working hours, inadequate pay, social isolation from family and friend
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2. Construction workers

• Construction workers build, repair, renovate,
  modify and demolish structure houses, office
  building, temples, factories, hospitals, roads,
  bridges. Tunnels, stadium, airports etc.
• Construction work is composed of many different
  task

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Construction

• often must be done in extreme heat or cold, in
  windy, rainy, snowy, or foggy weather, or at
  night
• Intermittent and seasonal work
• Episodic employment, frequent change employer
• The most dangerous occupations

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Constructions occupations

• Boilermakers
• Brick masons
• Carpenters
• Carpet installer
• Cement masons
• Construction laborer
• Electricians
• Insulation workers
• Operating engineers
• Painters
• Paperhanger
• Plumber
• Roofers
• Sheet metal worker
• Stonemasons

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Health hazards in construction

• Lead
• Noise
• Musculoskeletal disorders
• Respiratory diseases
• Dermatitis
• Cancer

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• Lead exposure and lead toxicity are particularly
  important problem in the construction industry
• Excessive lead exposures are associated with
  several construction task

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Noise

• Construction workers generally have excessive
  noise exposure and high rates of noise induced
  hear loss
• gt 500,000 construction workers are exposed to
  potentially hazardous levels of noise
• Exp. Bulldozer, crane cabs, drill

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Musculoskeletal Disorders

• ?as work related injuries in construction
• Construction workers have a high prevalence of
  chronic musculoskeletal complaints
• such as pain, aches, discomfort
• ? back pain due to repeated injury
• hand discomfort, strain and sprain

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Respiratory Diseases

• Construction workers are exposed to a variety of
  respiratory hazards
• ? asbestos, silica, synthetic vitreous fibers,
  cadmium, chromates, formaldehyde, cobalt, metal
  fumes, dust, pitch, sealers, solvents, wood dust,
  wood preservatives
• Asbestosis, Silicosis, COPD and Asthma

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Dermatitis

• Construction workers are exposed to many chemical
  that cause irritant or allergic dermatitis
• Eg. Cement

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Cancer

• Construction workers are exposed to many
  carcinogens
• Lung Carcinogens in Construction
• Asbestos
• Chromium, Cadmium
• Welding fume
• Coal tar
• Wood dust
• Silica

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3. Transportation Sector (Land, Water and Air)

• Transportation sector has a big risk for injury
  and accident
• ? economic and death
• Government regulation for prevention of
  transportation accident and operational technique
• Cause of transportation accident
• Consistency in regulation controlling
• Un disciplinary of operator in transportation
  sector
• Ignore occupational health and safety program
• No Punishment for un disciplinary people
• Quality of Human resources
• Development of transportation technology
• Complexity in transportation problem

Consistency in application of transportation
regulation
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• Land transportation most frequently accident
• Government regulation
• UU No 13 tahun 1992 train regulation
• UU No 14 tahun 1992 Traffic regulation
• Cars,
• Driver
• Traffic sign

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• Effect of traffic accident
• Fatality killed
• Serious injury
• Light injury
• Cause of traffic accident
• Pedestrian, condition of road
• Driver (unskilled driver)

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• Cause of water accident
• Ships condition
• Number of passengers
• Overload
• Un disciplinary people who work at ships
• Cause of air accident
• Human error
• Aircraft condition and maintenance

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4. Petroleum, gas and mining sector

• Government regulation
• Regulation for
• Worker
• Hours of work
• under ground not more than 8,5 hour/day
• Temperature gt30oC not more than 6 hours/day
• Lot of water not more than 6 hours/day
• UU No 1 tahun 1970
• PP No 19 tahun 1973

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5. Industrial sector

• Industrial sector has a big risk for occupational
  accident and occupational disease
• Type of accident in industrial sector
• Major explosion
• Major fire
• Hazardous explosive

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6. Office environment

• Sick building syndrome
• Applying Occupational health and safety in office
  environment ? indoor and outdoor safety condition
• Building construction
• Quality of air
• Quality of illumination
• Electric and communication over voltage
• Noise control
• Display unit
• Hygiene and sanitation
• Using computer ? ergonomic ?low back pain

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7. Travel

• Travel associated infectious disease
• Travel related disease
• Travelers diarrhea (Salmonelle, Shigella,
  E.hystolitica, E coli, viral agents)
• Hepatitis A, yellow fever, typhoid fever,
  cholera, malaria
• Travel related infection
• Water purification
• Water sanitation
• Food preparation
• Vector control
• Recreational activities
• Personal hygiene

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Prevention

• Public health authorities ? recommended
  vaccination
• Malaria prophylaxis
• Antibiotic prophylaxis
• General protective ? insect repellent
• Personal medical kit
• Health education
• Use light and protective clothing, mosquito
  netting
• Avoid outdoors between dusk
• Not to eat or drink contaminated food or water
• Avoid uncooked foods
• Walking with protected feet

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Posters that can promote better posture at
workplace
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Technique
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ANTRAX
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Age of workers (18-40) Working duration
(gt20) Smoking Immune response Self Protection
Equipment
CHEMICAL HAZARDS cotton dust
WORKPLACE ventilation
Distribution and determinants of
diseasesresulting from biological or chemicals
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Thankyou