Angiosperms Phylum Anthophyta

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AngiospermsPhylum Anthophyta

• Largest group of plants

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Angiosperms are flowering plants.

• They have true roots, stems, leaves and
  flowers...
• Angiosperms are more highly evolved that the
  algae, mosses, fungi and ferns. Their advanced
  structures allow angiosperms to thrive on land.

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Angiosperm

• Angeion vessel or carpal
• Sperma seed
• The carpal which contains the ovule that develop
  into seeds after fertilization
• The carpal itself develops into the fruit wall.

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Angiosperms are the biggest group in the plant
kingdom.And very diverse!
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Matt of Duckweed, smallest flowering plants
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Angiosperm

• They have roots that hold the plant in place and
  take in needed minerals and water. They have
  leaves that are the major food makes for the
  plant. They have stems that hold the plants up
  and move the nutrients and water about the plant.
  

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• They also have seeds.The seeds are formed when an
  egg or ovule is fertilized by pollen in the
  ovary. The ovary is within a flower. The flower
  contains the male and/or female parts of the
  plant. Fruits are frequently produced from these
  ripened ovaries.

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Stamens and a Style
Flowering duckweed plant
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Angiosperm benefits

• Angiosperms the primary food source for animals-
  grains, beans, nuts, fruits, vegetables, herbs
  and spices almost all come from plants with
  flowers, as do tea, coffee, chocolate, wine,
  beer, tequila, and cola.
• They provide lumber for buildings and other
  objects, fibers for clothes, are the basis for
  many drugs, etc
• provides oxygen for us to breathe.

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Compare to other seed plants

• Like other seed plants, angiosperms are
  heterosporangiate-producing pollen and ovules in
  different organs.
• Unlike most seed plants, however, the pollen and
  ovule-bearing organs are usually produced
  together in a bisporangiate strobilus called a
  flower.

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The flower

• In the center of a typical flower are the
  carpels, modified leaves which enclose the
  ovules. These are often fused to form a single
  pistil in the center of the flower.
• Surrounding the carpels are several narrow stalks
  topped by pollen sacs these pollen-bearing
  stalks are called stamens.
• Around these reproductive organs is the perianth,
  usually consisting of an outer whorl of sepals
  and an inner whorl of petals.

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Flower parts
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Collectively Sepals form the calyx Petals form
the corolla Both form perianth
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Contains microsporangia
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• In monocots and "primitive" dicots, the sepals
  and petals may be indistinguishable, in this case
  the perianth parts are called tepals.

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Angiosperm

• Monophyletic
• Include two large classes
• Monocotyledones (monocots)
• Grasses, lilies, irises, orchids, cattails, and
  palms
• Eudicotyledones (eudicots)
• Almost all familiar trees, and shrubs other than
  the conifers and many nonwoody plants (herbs).

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Monocots Drupe
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Flowers and fruit of the banana
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Rice
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Eudicots

• Saguaro cactus
• Thick fleshy stem store water
• Contain chloroplast
• Taken over photosynthetic function
• Round lobed hepatica
• Flower on deciduous woodlands
• No petals
• 6-10 sepals
• Numerous spirally arranged stamens and carpels
• California poppy

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Saquaro catus (Carnegiea gigantea)
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Round lobed hepatica (Anemone americana)
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Most are free living but some are Parasitic

• Dodder (Cuscuta salina)
• Member of the morning glory family
• Rafflesia arnoldii
• Parasitic on the roots of a member of the grape
  family

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Dodder
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Rafflesia arnoldii
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Some Angiosperm are Saprophytic
Indian pipe (Monotropa uniflora)
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Inflorescences

• In many angiosperms, the flowers are arranged in
  clusters called inflorescences.
• The flowers may be attached along a tall stalk,
  arranged in broad open clusters, or pressed
  tightly together so that the cluster looks like a
  single flower.

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Shooting Star
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Butter and eggs
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Lupine
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bluebells
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Water hemlock
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Oak flowers
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Position of ovary
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Epigyny
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Perigyny
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Pollen grains
Emerging Pollen tube
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Pollen grain of ragweed- hayfever
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