Bioenvironmental Stressors

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Bioenvironmental Stressors

• Kathleen C. Ashton, PhD, APRN, BC
• Nursing II
• Rutgers University

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Disorders of Immune Function

• Excesses or deficiencies of immunocompetent cells
• Alterations in function of immunocompetent cells
• Immunologic attack on self-antigens
• Inappropriate or exaggerated responses to
  specific antigens (hypersensitivity)

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Assessment of the Client

• Age
• Nutrition
• Infection/Immunizations
• Allergies
• History of
• Autoimmune Disorders
• Neoplastic Disease
• Chronic Illness and Surgery

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Assessment Continued

• Medications and History of Blood Transfusions
• Lifestyle and Other Factors
• Respiratory
• Changes in respiratory rate
• Cough
• Abnormal lung sounds
• Rhinitis, Hyperventilation
• Bronchospasm

5
Assessment Continued

• Cardiovascular System
• Hypotension
• Tachycardia
• Dysrrhythmia
• Vasculitis
• Anemia

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Assessment Continued

• Gastrointestinal System
• Hepatosplenomegaly
• Colitis
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea

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Assessment

• Genitourinary System
• Frequency and burning on urination
• Hematuria
• Discharge

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Assessment

• Neurosensory System
• Cognitive dysfunction
• Hearing loss
• Visual changes
• Headaches and migraines
• Ataxia
• Tetany

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Diagnostic Evaluations

• Complete Blood Count
• Specific antibody response
• Radioimmunoassay
• ELISA
• Western Blot

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Diagnostics

• CD4 and CD8
• Bone marrow biopsy
• Blood cultures
• Cultures
• Saliva
• Urine
• Throat

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Infectious Process

• Chain of Infection Transmission
• A causative agent
• A reservoir of available organisms
• A portal or mode of exit from the reservoir
• A mode of transmission from reservoir to host
• A susceptible host
• A mode of entry to host

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Planning and Interventions

• Nursing diagnosis
• Fluid volume deficit
• Knowledge deficit
• Others
• Resources
• CDC
• OSHA
• Local Health Departments

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Prevention

• Identification of clients at risk
• Immunizations
• Isolation
• Standard Precautions
• Transmission Based Precautions
• Airborne
• Droplet
• Contact

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Pharmacotherapeutics

• Antibiotics Rocefin, Cipro, Zithromax,
  Penicillin
• Antifungals Amphotericin, Diflucan, Nystatin
• Antivirals Acyclovir, Ribivarin, Amantadine
• Antipyretics ASA, Tylenol, Naprosyn

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Nursing Care

• Prevention of infection transmission
• Teaching about the infectious process
• Controlling fever and accompanying discomforts
• Monitoring and managing potential and actual
  complications

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Communicable Childhood Diseases

• Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule
• Birth HBV
• 2mo HBV, DPT, OPV, HbCV
• 4mo HBV, DPT, OPV, HbCV
• 6mo HBV, DPT, HbCV
• 12mo HbCV, V
• 15mo DPT, OPV, MMR, HbCV
• 4-6 yr DPT, OPV, MMR
• 14-16yr DT

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Infections

• Bacterial
• Viral
• Gastroenteritis
• Sepsis