THE MADAGASCAR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE BIODIVERSITY GROUP: BACKGROUND AND HISTORY - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

THE MADAGASCAR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE BIODIVERSITY GROUP: BACKGROUND AND HISTORY

Description:

THE MADAGASCAR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE BIODIVERSITY GROUP: BACKGROUND AND HISTORY ... 1998-2003 RENEWAL PROPOSAL FUNDED TO DO WORK IN SURINAME AND MADAGASCAR ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:188
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 18
Provided by: chemist8
Learn more at: https://sites.pitt.edu
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: THE MADAGASCAR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE BIODIVERSITY GROUP: BACKGROUND AND HISTORY


1
THE MADAGASCAR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE
BIODIVERSITY GROUP BACKGROUND AND
HISTORY
David Kingston Department of
Chemistry Virginia Polytechnic Institute
State University Web www .kingston.chem.vt.edu
2
Natural Products as Drugs and Drug Leads
  • WHO estimates that 80 of the worlds population
    use traditional medicine.
  • Between 1983 and 1994 41 of new approved drugs
    had natural products as their source.
  • David J. Newman, et al. Nat. Prod. Rep., 2000,
    17, 215-234
  • Gordon M. Cragg, et al. J. Nat. Prod., 1997, 60,
    52-60

6
26
59
9
  • Natural Product Drugs
  • Modified Natural Product Drugs
  • Synthetic Drugs Based on Natural Product Models
  • Synthetic Drugs

3
MORE REASONS FOR FAITH IN NATURAL PRODUCTS
61 of all the new drugs introduced Worldwide
during 1981-2002 can be traced to or were
inspired by Natural Products. Newman, Cragg,
Snader 2003 J Nat Prod 661022
4
SOME IMPORTANT ANTICANCER NATURAL PRODUCTS
  • TAXOL, from Taxus brevifolia
  • Treatment for ovarian and breast cancer
  • Also used in stents to prevent restenosis
  • Major drug, with sales of over one billion
    dollars/year

5
WHY NATURAL PRODUCTS?
  • NATURAL PRODUCTS CAN FORM THE BASIS OF NEW
    COMPOUND LIBRARIES
  • R. Breinbauer et al, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002,
    41, 2878
  • EXAMPLE THE HALICHONDRINS
  • M. J. Yu 224th ACS National Meeting, Boston, MA,
    August 21, 2001, Abstract MEDI 238.

6
DRUG DISCOVERY THROUGH NATURAL PRODUCTS
  • COLLECT LARGE NUMBERS OF PLANT,
    MARINE, OR MICROBIAL SPECIES
  • PREPARE EXTRACTS AND TEST IN RELEVANT BIOASSAY
    SYSTEMS
  • RECOLLECT OR REFERMENT ACTIVE SPECIES AND ISOLATE
    ACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY A BIOASSAY-DIRECTED
    FRACTIONATION
  • DETERMINE STRUCTURES OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS
  • CARRY OUT ADDITIONAL BIOLOGICAL TESTING

7
THE PROBLEM OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS
  • DRUG DISCOVERY REQUIRES RANDOM SCREENING OF
    THOUSANDS OF SPECIES YOU HAVE TO KISS A LOT OF
    FROGS TO FIND A PRINCE
  • TROPICAL RAINFORESTS COVER ONLY 8 OF THE EARTHS
    SURFACE BUT HOLD 50 OF ITS PLANTS
  • TROPICAL FORESTS ARE DISAPPEARING FAST DOWN FROM
    16 OF EARTHS LAND SURFACE IN 1950 TO LESS THAN
    8 TODAY
  • TROPICAL REEFS ARE ALSO UNDER THREAT
  • LOSS OF RAINFOREST MEANS THE POTENTIAL LOSS OF
    CURES FOR CANCER, AIDS, ETC.

8
Brazil Vegetation 1960
9
Brazil Brazil Vegetation 1988
10
THE MADAGASCAR ICBG APPROACH TO BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION
  • CARRY OUT BIOPROSPECTING WITH FULL INFORMED
    CONSENT OF ALL PARTIES
  • PARTNER WITH PHARMACEUTICAL AND AGROCHEMICAL
    COMPANIES
  • SINCE BIODIVERSITY LOSS IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED
    WITH POVERTY, COMBINE BIOPROSPECTING WITH
    ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
  • COMMIT TO RETURN ANY ROYALTY PAYMENTS IN PART TO
    THE HOST COUNTRY IN COMPENSATION FOR USE OF ITS
    BIODIVERSITY

11
HOW AND WHERE TO DO THIS?
  • 1992 NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH INVITED
    SCIENTISTS TO COMPETE FOR FUNDS TO DO DRUG
    DISCOVERY AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
  • 1993-1998 VIRGINIA TECH PROPOSAL FUNDED TO DO
    WORK IN SURINAME
  • 1998-2003 RENEWAL PROPOSAL FUNDED TO DO WORK IN
    SURINAME AND MADAGASCAR
  • 2003-2008 THIRD ROUND OF FUNDING AWARDED FOR WORK
    IN MADAGASCAR

12
MADAGASCAR GROUP STRUCTURE
  • VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE STATE UNIVERSITY
  • CENTRAL OPERATIONS OFFICE
  • MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
  • BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS, BIODIVERSITY SURVEY
  • CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL
  • ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
  • CENTRE NATIONAL DAPPLICATION ET DES RECHERCHES
    PHARMACEUTIQUES
  • PLANT EXTRACTS, ANTIMALARIAL FRACTIONATION
  • CENTRE NATIONAL DE RECHERCHES SUR
    LENVIRONNEMENT
  • MARINE COLLECTION, MICROBIAL ISOLATIONS
  • EISAI RESEARCH INSTITUTE
  • BIOASSAY, DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT
  • DOW AGROSCIENCES
  • AGROCHEMICAL DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT
  • VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE STATE UNIVERSITY
  • BIOASSAY AND ANTICANCER DRUG DISCOVERY

13
GOALS OF THE MADAGASCAR ICBG PROGRAM
  • TO INTEGRATE THE PROCESS OF DRUG AND
    AGROCHEMICAL DISCOVERY FROM NATURAL PRODUCTS WITH
    CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE
    ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, WHILE PROVIDING FINANCIAL
    BENEFITS TO MADAGASCAR AND ITS PEOPLE

14
WHY MADAGASCAR?
  • Madagascar is a prime
  • source of biodiversity.
  • Madagascar is one of
  • the highest priority
  • Biodiversity Hotspots
  • Home to 25 of the plant
  • species in the African region
  • Approximately 80 of species
  • are endemic
  • Great ecosystem diversity
  • Work is urgent, since much of the country has
    been deforested

MADAGASCAR
15
SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT IN MADAGASCAR
  • Laboratories at CNARP have been equipped to
    prepare plant extracts
  • Laboratories at CNARP have been equipped and
    personnel trained to carry out antimalarial
    bioassays
  • Facilities at CNRO (Nosy be) are being equipped
    to carry out marine collections
  • Personnel at CNRE will be trained in microbial
    isolations
  • Data handling infrastructure has been expanded

16
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN MADAGASCAR
  • SMALL-SCALE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN THE
    VILLAGES AROUND ZAHAMENA PARK, SITE OF 1998-2003
    COLLECTIONS
  • BEE KEEPING
  • ECOTOURISM INITIATIVE
  • IMPROVED CROPS

17
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN MADAGASCAR
  • SMALL-SCALE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN THE
    VILLAGES AROUND ZAHAMENA PARK, SITE OF 1998-2003
    COLLECTIONS
  • BEE KEEPING
  • ECOTOURISM INITIATIVE
  • IMPROVED CROPS
  • INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS USING UPFRONT
    COMPENSATION FUNDS IN THE SAME VILLAGES
  • AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSE
  • RENOVATION OF A PRIMARY SCHOOL
  • CONSTRUCTION OF A FOOTBRIDGE
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com