Introduction to Cartographic Design

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Introduction to Cartographic Design

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???????????????????

• Statistic map
• Interactive map

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?????? statistic map

• Reference map ?????????????
• Thematic map ?????????????????

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Map Design

• Organize graphic information
• Provide structure
• Make the map legible
• Focus the readers attention

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• Map scale ?????????????????????????????????????
• Map projection????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????? ???? ??????
• Figure-ground (?????????????????????????)
• Layout ???? map composition
• Generalization
• Select
• Simplify ,exeggerate
• Classify
• Symbolization
• Map accurency

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Map scale

• Representing the scale
• Describe the scale
• Selecting the scale
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Map projection
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Figure-Ground
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Figure-Ground

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• Some elements as figures (????????????)
• Other elements as background

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Figure-Ground

• Cant easily distinguish elements

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Figure-Ground

• How people see graphics
• Elements
• Contrast
• Contour
• Closure
• Enclosure
• Visual organization

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Contrast

• More contrast stronger figure

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Contrast

• Not just the darker element

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Contour

• Sharper contour (edge) stronger figure

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Closure

• Closed element stronger figure

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Enclosure

• More enclosed stronger figure

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Create Visual Levels ???????????????????????????
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Figure-Ground
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Figure-Ground
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Figure-Ground
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Figure-Ground
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Layout
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Layout

• Arrangement of map elements
• Objectives
• Visual balance
• Structure

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• Centering is a good starting point...

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• Poor balance harder to read

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• Assign appropriate emphasis

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Text Placement Figural Object
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Text Placement Background Object
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Text Placement Enhance Pattern
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Text Placement Hide Pattern
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Generalization
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Generalization

• Selection
• Simplification or exeggerate
• Classification
• Symbolization

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selection

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  ?????

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Simplifying

• Loss of informationnegligible

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classification
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Symbolization
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Symbolization

• Most maps involve abstract symbols
• Represent features of interest
• Cant always show them as they actually look

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Graphic Variables

• Shape
• Size
• Color
• Hue
• Lightness
• Saturation
• Orientation
• Pattern
• Texture

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Levels of Measurement

• Nominal
• Ordinal
• Interval
• Ratio

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Symbolization Measurement
Nominal Ordinal Interval/Ratio x x x x - x
x x x x x
Shape Size Color Hue Lightness Saturation Orientat
ion Pattern Texture
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Symbolization
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Symbolization

• Can affect ability to see patterns
• Complex symbolization and classifications can
  obscure

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Map accurency
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??????????????????????????????????

• ??????
• ?????? 90 ?????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  0.8 ??. ?????????????????
• 1 20 000 ????????????
• ?????????? 0.5 ??. ??????????????????????????????
  1 20 000
• ???????
• ?????? 90 ????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??

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????????
?????? 1 50 000 ?????????????????????????????????
??? ?????? 0.5 x 50 000 25 000 ??. ???? 25
???? ?????? 1 x 20 10 ???? 2
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Interactive map

• ?????????????????????? ??????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?
• ???????? ??? ????? ??? animation
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????
• Interactive map ???????????????? Multimedia
  cartography