THE STUDY OF SOCIETY AND OF THE INTERACTIONS WITHIN EACH SOCIETY

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SOCIOLOGY

• THE STUDY OF SOCIETY AND OF THE INTERACTIONS
  WITHIN EACH SOCIETYS MANY GROUPS
• SOCIOLOGISTS DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT SOCIAL
  BEHAVIOR USING THE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
• SOCIOLOGISTS STUDY SOCIAL SIMILARITIES AND
  DIFFERENCES

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1798-1857 FIRST TO COIN THE TERM SOCIOLOGY
August Comte
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SOCIOLOGY

• AUGUST COMTE- A FRENCH PHILOSOPHER-GENERALLY
  CONSIDERED THE FATHER OF SOCIOLOGY EARLY 1800S
• BELIEVED THAT SOCIOLOGISTS COULD USE SCIENTIFIC
  METHODS TO UNCOVER THE LAWS THAT GOVERN THE
  OPERATION OF SOCIETY

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SOCIOLOGISTS AND ANTHROPOLOGISTS

• INTERESTED IN STUDYING
• THE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
• THE NATURE OF SOCIAL ARRANGEMENTS
• THE BELIEF AND VALUE SYSTEMS THAT ALLOW THE
  ENTIRE SOCIETY TO FUNCTION AND PERSIST

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NORMS BASED ON VALUES

• SHARED BELIEFS ABOUT WHAT IS
• GOOD OR BAD, RIGHT OR WRONG,
• DESIRABLE OR UNDESIRABLE IN
• SOCIETY

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NORMS shared rules of conduct
FOLKWAYS
Norms of politeness or customs
MORES
Having great moral significance
LAWS
Made and enforced by the government
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SOCIALIZATION

• PROCESS THROUGH WHICH INDIVIDUALS LEARN THE BASIC
  SKILLS, VALUES, BELIEFS, AND BEHAVIOR PATTERNS OF
  SOCIETY.

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PART OF OUR SOCIALIZATION IS THROUGH INSTITUTIONS
One of the first institutions to impact us is the
family.
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THE FAMILY

• ONE OF THE FIRST INSTITUTIONS THAT TEACH US THE
  MORES AND
• NORMS OF OUR SOCIETY
• WE LEARN ABOUT DIFFERENT ROLES
• FROM OUR FAMILY
• HOW TO BEHAVE IS MODELED BY OUR FAMILY
• VALUES ARE TAUGHT BY OUR FAMILY

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MUSLIM AMERICAN FAMILY
AFRO-AMERICAN FAMILY
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AMERICAN FAMILIES
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HISPANIC AMERICAN FAMILY
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Japanese-American family
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DIFFERENT KINDS OF FAMILIES

• NUCLEAR-MOTHER, FATHER, CHILD
• OR CHILDREN
• EXTENDED-NUCLEAR PLUS AUNTS,
• UNCLES, GRANDPARENTS, NIECES,
• NEPHEWS, COUSINS, ETC.
• SINGLE PARENT FAMILIES
• BLENDED FAMILIES
• DISFUNCTIONAL FAMILIES

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MARRIAGE

• IN OUR SOCIETY MARRIAGE IS THE
• LEGAL JOINING OF A MAN AND A WOMAN MAKING A
  FAMILY.
• CURRENTLY THERE ARE QUESTIONS
• IN OUR SOCIETY REGARDING WHO
• CAN BE JOINED TO MAKE A FAMILY.
• OUR SOCIETY BELIEVES IN MONOGAMY MARRIED TO ONE
  PERSON AT A TIME

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MARRIAGE TO SAME SEX?
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• As of 2009, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Iowa
  allow same sex marriages and in upcoming months
  three other states will allow same sex marriages
• Vermont and New Hampshire.

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What should the minimum age be to marry?
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CHANGES IN HOUSEHOLDS

• NOW, SINGLE PERSONS COMPRISE
• 50.3 OF AMERICAN HOUSEHOLDS
• IN THE 1950s, 60 OF THE HOUSEHOLDS WERE MARRIED
• COUPLES WITH CHILDREN
• DIVORCE RATE STILL AT ABOUT
• 50 HIGHER FOR SUBSEQUENT
• MARRIAGES. Average marriage in the U.S. lasts
  9.4 years

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Primary group
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SECONDARY GROUP
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EDUCATION
ANOTHER INSTITUTION
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OUR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PASSES ON VALUES,
NORMS, AND ROLES OF OUR SOCIETY. THEY TEACH
YOUNG PEOPLE HOW TO ADAPT TO OUR
ENVIRONMENT AND SURVIVE IN IT. EDUCATION
TEACHES ABOUT IDEAS THINGS OF THE
PAST,PRESENT AND FUTURE.
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GOVERNMENT
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• Our government serves to protect and defend our
  country and its institutions.
• Every government rules a territory with
  boundaries, so the government serves to
• protect those boundaries.
• The government makes and enforces laws to protect
  the norms and values of the society and punish
  those who violate those laws.
• The government acts as a representative
• of the American people in dealings with
  foreign governments

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Our government provides for certain rights of
each citizen that are protected by the laws of
the land. If these rights are violated, a citizen
may use the judicial system or other
peaceful means to obtain those rights. The
government, through the judicial system
may settle disputes between or among citizens.
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FROM The American President
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RELIGION
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• Christianity (Protestant/Catholic)
• Mormonism
• Judaism
• Hinduism
• Buddhism
• Non-religious
• Islam

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Religions in the United States Christian 151
million (76) (52 Protestant and 24
Catholic) Mormons 3-5 million (about
1) Non-religious 30 million (13) Jews
4 million (1 ) Muslims 1.5
million ( .5 ) Buddhists 1.5 million
(other combined
10) Hindus 1 million
(.4)
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ECONOMIC SYSTEMCapitalistic free enterprise
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ASSIMILATION

• Blending of culturally different groups into a
  single group with a common culture and identity

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PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION

• Prejudice a judgment of people based on the
  group they belong to rather than their individual
  characteristics
• Discrimination-the mistreating or denying of
  rights to people because they belong to a
  particular group
• Segregation-physical separation of a minority
  group from the dominant group

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TABULA RASA

• CLEAN SLATE belief that we are born without a
  personality and that we acquire that personality
  as a result of social experience.

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LOOKING GLASS SELF

• Image of ourselves based on how we imagine we
  appear to others.