THE SPREAD of CHINESE CIVILIZATION: KOREA, JAPAN

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THE SPREAD of CHINESE CIVILIZATIONKOREA, JAPAN
VIETNAMChapter 13
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Map Exercise13.1

• Japan in the Imperial Warlord Periods
• ( page 291)
• The Japanese home islands resemble very closely
  the physical geography of ancient Greece (except
  that Japan is wetter). How might physical
  geography affect movement and political
  developments within Japan?

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Map Exercise13.2

• The Korean Peninsula (page 302)
• 1. Which part of Korea would be most heavily
  influenced by Chinese culture?
• 2. Which part would be least affected?

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Map Exercise13.3

• South China Vietnam (page 305)
• 1. Why is travel and communication within the
  area so difficult?
• 2. What routes would permit the easiest
  geographic movement in the area?
• 3. Why would Chinese influence on Vietnam be
  greater than Hindu or Buddhist from the Khmer and
  Mekong River area?

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Japan, Korea Vietnam blended Chinese influences
with their indigenous cultures
Buddhism key force in transmitting Chinese
civilization
JAPAN
7th 9th centuries - borrowing peaked
Taika reforms 646 - revamp along Chinese
lines - failed
Buddhism meshed with traditional beliefs
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Buddhists grow powerful
emperor flees to Heian (Kyoto) abandons Taika
reforms power back to aristocratic families
aristocrats dominate government - determined
rank by birth
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Imperial Court
poetry
strict behavioral codes aesthetic
enjoyment avoidance of common life
women as cultured as men
The Tale of Genji
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Decline of Imperial power
emperor lose control to Fujiwara family
aristocratic families Buddhist monasteries
powerful
Rise of provincial aristocracy
bushi
11th 12th centuries warrior class
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warriors supported by peasants - family and
honor rather than defeat - seppuku
feudalism - serfs belong to land - rigid class
barriers - peasants turn to Buddhism
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provincial families dominate court
Gempei Wars Minamoto Taira
Minamoto establish military government (bakufu)
still have emperor court but power in Minamoto
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Chinese influence falls with declining imperial
power
Breakdown of Bakufu warlords
family feuds
1467-1477 civil war - rise of Daimyos
1400s Ashikaga Shogunate
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15th 16th centuries
armed peasants continuous warfare
Daimyos try to keep all normal
commercial class guilds
women of warrior class lose all status
primogeniture
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Zen maintains art among elites
painting, architecture, gardens, tea ceremony
daimyo era basis for unification of Japan
regional commercial artisan classes become a
national class
legal administrative reforms supply
infrastructure
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KOREA
more profoundly influenced over longer period
descended from peoples of Siberia Manchuria
Choson first kingdom - conquered by Han -
Korean resistance leads to Koguryo kingdom
fall of HanSinification - Buddhism - writing
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Tang defeats 2 kingdoms (with help from 3rd
Silla)
Silla becomes vassal state pay tribute
Chinese influence - copy Tang ways - capital
modeled on Tang cities - Confucian exams
elite favor Buddhism - used cultural creativity
in temples
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Chinese influence among upper classes only
aristocrats control
Silla Koryo weakened by revolts foreign
invasions
Mongols invade 1231
Yi dynasty 1392-1910 - aristocratic dominance
links to China
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VIETNAM
Red River Valley - rice growing - south
distinct culture - want benefits of Chinese
culture but not lose their own
Southeast Asian culture
Viets intermarried w/ Khmer Tais
strong village economy nuclear families
women had influence
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Han secure tribute - then colonize
Chinese culture schools, script, Confucian
classics, exams
ag techniques make most productive in area -
higher population
Chinese political govt organization gives
advantage over Indianized areas
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Resistance
Trung sisters lead revolt 39 CE
peasants not take to Chinese culture
independence - 939
distance from China political weakness in China
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Chinese still influence
Vietnamese local officials
11th 18th centuries defeat kingdoms to south
to Mekong delta
capital Hanoi - north
16th century rival capital - Hue
200 years of war
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