Automatic Word Recognition

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Automatic Word Recognition

• September 27 October 4

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Model of Silent Reading Comprehension(K.
Erickson, based on Cunningham, 1993)
Language Comprehension
Word Identification
Knowledge of Text Structures
Mediated
Knowledge of the World
Automatic
Print Processing
Eye movement
Inner Speech
Print-to-Meaning Links
Integration
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Selecting Words for Teaching

• Select words that are
• Of interest to the student (e.g., types of pets)
• Needed for participation in general education
  activities (e.g., high frequency words, key
  science vocabulary words)
• Found in the students environment (environmental
  print)
• Names of friends and family
• Product, laundry labels (for older individuals)
• Useful in staying safe (safety words)

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Before Teaching

• Decide what words to teach
• Decide how many words to teach in a set
• Decide how to present words
• Decide on an instructional and assessment
  strategy
• Consider using group vs. individual
• instruction

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Prompting Types and Terms

• Stimulus Prompts a change to target word
• Response Prompts
• Teachers actions before a response or after an
  incorrect response (an error) that increase the
  chances of a student responding correctly
• Physical
• Model
• Gestural
• Verbal
• Praise or feedback AFTER the student performs the
  skill

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Teaching Sight Words Types of instructional
approaches

• Simultaneous prompting (errorless) use this for
  students who repeat errors, become upset when
  they make an error
• TIP Give meaning with word and later test to see
  if student also learned meaning
• Stimulus fading
• Stimulus shaping
• Postresponse prompting
• Prompt after student attempts word
• Combine simultaneous prompting with time delay,
  progressive or constant

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Some Prompting Terms
Examples of stimulus prompts

• Stimulus prompts
• Change something about the task stimulus
• to increase chances of student responding
• correctly
• a b c
  g

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• that cat exit
• the that door
• that go the
• thread that thin
• the thatch that

Stimulus fading, a form of stimulus prompts
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sun
sun
Another stimulus fading technique (embedding word
into pictures) to teach sight words
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Integrated Picture Cue
sun
Picture Handle Technique
sun
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Picture Me ReadingPublished program based on
stimulus fading 899 Kenwood DriveSpring
Valley, CA 91977-1024Phone or fax (619)
462-3938/[phone]e-mail
picturemereading_at_cox.net
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• that --- ---
• --- that ---
• that --- the
• the that thin
• the thatch that

Stimulus shaping distracters are changed, not
target
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the and all of that the and all of that
Copy, Cover, Compare
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During Teaching

• After initial learning, vary typeface, font size,
  color, etc.
• Teach to mastery before adding new words
• Use on-going assessment information to adjust
  instruction

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Characteristics of effective sight word
instruction are

• using a variety of materials,
• teaching in groups and individually,
• varying responses to demonstrate word (motor,
  verbal, written), and
• a fast pace of instruction

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Final Take Home Message

• Directly teach the associations
• between the printed words and the
  objects/actions they represent
• Plan multiple opportunities for functional use of
  words across the day and within meaningful
  activities relying only on drill/practice will
  not foster generalization or comprehension