How to detect & diagnose congenital heart disease in children

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How to detect diagnose Congenital Heart Disease
in Children?
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• Congenital means Existing at the birth
  Congenital Heart Disease in Children is caused
  when a child is born with irregular heart
  structure or defects in the heart. Best
  Cardiologist in Hyderabad says that it is mainly
  caused in children from the birth.
• According to best cardiologist in Kukatpally
  Hyderabad, people in general refer congenital
  heart disease in the prospective of a disease.
  But in reality it is not a disease, it is a
  defect or abnormality caused because of heart
  alignment.

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Do you know?

• Every year 1.35 million babies are born with
  congenital heart disease every year.
• 25 of Kids within the age of 2 years may need to
  undergo surgery.
• 1-3 of children develop Atrioventricular (AV)
  block due to CHD surgery.

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How heart defects grow in children or infant

• When a woman is pregnant, during the period of
  first 6 months heart takes shape and starts
  beating.
• The blood vessels present in the heart also
  starts growing.
• This is the root time of causing heart defects in
  various heart parts.

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Categories of Congenital Heart Disease in
Congenital Heart Defects in Children

• Cyanotic
• Fallots tetralogy.
• Transposition of the great arteries.
• Tricuspid atresia A complete absence of the
  tricuspid valve, an ASD must be present to
  maintain blood flow.
• Total anomalous pulmonary venous return all four
  pulmonary veins are malposition and make
  anomalous connections to the systemic venous
  circulation.

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• Persistent truncus arteriosus.
• Hypoplastic left heart the left side of the
  heart is severely underdeveloped.
• Pulmonary atresia the pulmonary valve is
  completely closed and the only source of
  pulmonary blood flow is a PDA.
• Ebsteins anomaly.

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Types of congenital heart defects

• Few children are born with simple and normal
  problems and few are born with the serious and
  complex problem. The below listed problems are
  generally seen in Congenital Heart Defects in
  Children respectively said by the best
  cardiologist in Hyderabad India.
• Holes in heart Holes can form either in between
  the heart walls or blood vessels in the heart.
  These holes allow oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor
  blood to flow through the heart and other body
  parts. The blood mixture which is passed through
  all the body parts contains very less amount of
  oxygen and leads to blue skin color.

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• Blood flow blockage This happens when blood
  vessels or heart valves are narrow and this leads
  to harder blood pumping into the heart. In this
  there are two types
• Pulmonary stenosis This occurs when blood flows
  from the right ventricle to the lungs in the
  valve through the artery is too narrow for the
  proper functionality.
• Aortic stenosis This occurs when aortic valve
  allows blood flow from the left ventricle to the
  full body is too narrow to flow the blood which
  makes heart to function very hardly ultimately
  makes the heart thicker and enlarges the heart.

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• Abnormal blood vessels This happens when blood
  vessels are not formed correctly which helps in
  blood flow in the heart.
• Transposition of the great arteries It is the
  condition caused due to the abnormal blood
  vessels. It occurs when pulmonary artery and the
  aorta are positioned on the wrong side of the
  heart.
• Coarctation of the aorta It causes due to the
  high blood pressure. It occurs when blood vessel
  which supplies blood to the heart is too narrow
  to flow.
• Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection It
  is a defect occurs when blood vessels from the
  lungs are linked to wrong positioned in the
  heart.

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• Abnormalities in heart valve These abnormalities
  include closing of heart valves which stops blood
  flow.
• Immature development of heart Some parts of the
  heart fail to develop because of this defect.
• Combinational defects Many infants or children
  are born with several defects. Tetralogy of
  Fallot is a combination of four defects namely a
  hole in the wall between the hearts ventricles,
  a narrowed passage between the right ventricle
  and pulmonary artery, a shift in the connection
  of the aorta to the heart, and thickened muscle
  in the right ventricle.

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Risk Factors of congenital heart disease in
infants

• According to the best Interventional
  cardiologist in Hyderabad, there are various risk
  factors which cause congenital heart defects and
  few are the root causes. Some of the major and
  important risk factors are listed below.

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• Diabetes A pregnant mother with diabetes will
  create CHD in their baby or the adult with
  congenital heart defects will have severe effects
  of diabetes. 

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• Rubella A German measles, rubella is a virus
  which if spread in the body leads to congenital
  heart defects in the infants.

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• Medications Consuming more number of medications
  either in a pregnant woman or adult person will
  increases the risk of CHD.

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• Smoking Person with smoking habits during the
  pregnancy increases the chance of CHD among new
  born babies. As smoking damages the babys body
  and heart with the chemicals present in it.

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• Heredity Few new born babies are affected with
  congenital heart disease due to the heredity
  among their family members.

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• Alcohol Alcohol consumption among parents
  without any limits affects widely on kids,
  infants, and babies.

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Other Complications

• The risk of infective endocarditis.
• Failure to thrives
• Difficulty in joining the games and sports among
  children.
• Causes polycythaemia due to cyanosis a
  haemoglobin increases more than 20g/dL and
  results in blood difficulty.

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Symptoms of Congenital Heart Defects Symptoms

• Complex Congenital heart defects These problems
  starts either from the time of birth or after few
  months of birth. The main signs and symptoms
  include the following.
• Blue skin color or Pale grey color.
• Rapid breathing without any pause.
• Burn nostrils.
• Swelling in the legs, abdomen, around eyes.
• Poor gain weight.

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• Normal Congenital heart defects These sorts of
  diseases may not be treated in early childhood.
  They can be treated when a child has grown up.
  The signs may not have any noticeable problems.
  If they can be identified in older age below may
  be included.
• Breathing problems during exercise or activity.
• Rapid tiredness.
• Swelling in hands, ankles and feet.

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General Signs of congenital heart disease in
babies

• Heart murmur
• Abnormal heart sounds
• Fast breathing
• Poor feeding
• Very less Weight gain
• Excessive sweating

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Tests for Congenital heart disease

• Cardiac catheterization It is used to know the
  detailed view on childs heart. In this test, a
  thin and flexible tube is inserted into childs
  heart and through blood vessels.
• Chest X-Ray It is used to check heart size as
  whether it is enlarged or not. It is processed by
  taking a simple x-ray of the heart.
• Echocardiogram It is used to diagnose the
  congenital defect after an infant is born.
  Ultrasound is performed to check heart motion and
  sounds along with the identification of the
  abnormalities of kids heart.

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• Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) It is used to record
  the electrical activity of the heart. It helps in
  diagnosis of the heart rhythm is any problem is
  formed. Waves are printed through the Electrodes
  which are placed on babys chest are connected to
  the computer and printer.
• Fetal Echocardiogram It helps in detecting any
  sort of heart defect when the child is in
  mothers womb i.e., before the child born defects
  can be identified.
• Pulse oximetry It measures the oxygen content
  present in the childs blood. Through sensor
  oxygen content can be identified and recorded.
  The less amount of oxygen can lead to heart
  defects.

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Treatments for Congenital Heart Defects in
Children and small babies

• Procedures using catheterization
• Open-heart surgery
• Heart transplant
• Medications
• Lifelong monitoring and treatment
• Exercise restrictions
• Infection prevention

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Prevention

• Many congenital heart defects are not
  preventable. But here are few tips which help in
  preventing it.
• Avoid drugs and alcohol consumption during
  pregnancy which may prevent congenital disease.
  Avoid rubella syndrome by taking vaccination to
  prevent congenital disease in children and
  infants.
• Avoid contact with organic solvents such as the
  chemicals used in dry cleaning, paint thinners,
  nail polish remover, etc.

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• Keep yourself away from viral infections during
  pregnancy time especially infections related to
  upper respiratory tract.
• Congenital heart anomalies can be diagnosed
  during pregnancy before delivery time through
  antenatal scan.
• During pregnancy period every woman should intake
  400micrograms of folic acid every day.

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Growth Development tips for the Congenital Heart
Defects in Children

• Nutrition needs Nutritional issues effects more
  to CHD developed kids compared to normal child.
  Few of the issues may include
• The heart pumping should be much faster to meet
  the kids needs.
• More stress on the kids mind and body due to CHD.
• Lack of oxygen levels in the body.
• Rapid tiredness in the kid.
• Due to very less oxygen kid may not observe
  nutrients as per normal kids.

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• Pubescence Growth Many advanced treatments are
  found by many scientists around the world. They
  might be cured but the issues related to this CHD
  may be serious and affect a kids life as they
  grow up. The issues may include below
• Confidence of being independent
• Choosing collage and career
• Getting into marriage
• Having an own family
• Pregnancy difficulties
• Health and Life insurance disapprovals
• Travelling around by their own
• Relocation whenever there is a need

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• Development forethoughts The following reasons
  include the development issues in every kid
  affected by the congenital heart disease
• Lack of energy in the kid will lead to an
  immature growth of body parts such as brain,
  muscles, bones and nerve system.
• Continuous illness and frequent hospitalization
  will make a kid more depressed.
• Genetic problems related to heart defects and
  diseases will reduce kids development according
  to the age.

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• Keep Active Keep kids and children active
  through the daily routines and make them happy
  mentally and physically.
• Activities such as exercise, walking, dancing or
  other activities which include physical
  activities.
• Best cardiologist in Apollo Hyderabad doctors
  suggests at least a kid should involve in half an
  hour exercise which can split and performed with
  multiple intervals.
• Consult doctors before you start any sort of
  exercise to the kids as few children body may not
  support for much more physical activity.

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• Sleep When children sleep peacefully then only
  they will be active.
• The amount of sleep a kid should get depends upon
  the age.
• But minimum 8-9 hours sleep is recommended by
  the doctors to any human.
• Never exceed the limit of watching TV or using
  computer in the night times.

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Foods and other factors for the congenital heart
disease in new born and kids

• It is recommended to follow proper diet and food
  for the CHD affected kids. This will make them
  positively grow in every aspect. Few foods and
  minerals are provided below. 
• Remember always to either feed or eat any sort of
  food in limited quantity and prefer only organic
  nature-friendly and healthy food.

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• Dairy products
• Add more content of high-calories milk in childs
  food. Breastfeeding is prioritized and
  recommended.
• Add low-fat cheese and other dairy products.

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• High Calories foods
• High calories foods and snacks are more preferred
  as they provide good number of supplements to the
  body.

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• Fruits
• Fruit juices
• Any types of fruits are suitable for the kids
  affected with congenital heart disease.
• Add plenty of fruit juices every day. Do not use
  any extra or added sugars in the juice.

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• Proteins
• Protein rich content is very good for health and
  increases the potential energy in the body.
• Protein foods such as meat, fish, poultry, nuts,
  beans have high amount of proteins and other
  minerals.

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Foods to be avoided

• Stop providing a high content of sugar products.
• Avoid cool drinks.
• Stop feeding junk foods.
• Never allow your child to eat fast foods or
  saturated foods.
• Avoid high-fat content foods.
• Always prefer organic and healthy foods.

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Diet Tips for the children heart defects in
babies

• Use less content of sodium or salt in the food
• Avoid excess amount of sugar
• Never keep your kids stomach empty.
• Feed child for every little time gap.
• Use whole grains instead of refined grains

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• Use low-fat or non-fat products
• Always maintain a balanced diet.
• Use vegetable oil instead of refined oil.
• Eat more amounts of fish and other protein-
• rich food.
• Encourage organic and home food.

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Side effects of congenital heart disease in
infants

• The kid may look thinner, younger compared to
  normal kids of same age.
• Childs height and weight may be very less than
  the other children of same age.
• The development process will be very slow than
  other healthy kids.
• Special training for daily routines such as
  toilet, sitting, walking, etc. may require for
  the CHD affected kids.
• No content of proteins, minerals, vitamins and
  other nutritional food even after the high amount
  of nutrition consumption.

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Challenges faced because of Congenital Heart
disease in children by the parents

• Learning more specialized parenting skills to
  handle the kid.
• Becoming expert and self-learner to know in
  detail about kids condition.
• Problem solving capabilities faced every day.
• More concern and increase in safety of the child.
• Handling and struggling for the financial
  stability.
• Making time and maintaining a proper schedule for
  the regular medical check-ups of the child.

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