Epilepsy: Information on symptoms, causes and treatment

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Epilepsy
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Epilepsy

• Epilepsy refers to a set of neurological
  disorders that are commonly manifested through
  seizures. It is the result of a disruption in the
  normal cell-to-cell communication process of the
  central nervous system. Seizures have the ability
  to raise a serious alarm if left untreated,
  causing havoc in a person's life. Although these
  episodes may be infrequent, it is important that
  the patient is made aware of the condition he
  faces when attack strikes. At most times,
  patients when left unaware, often find themselves
  at the mercy of others, without realising that
  help is just at an arm's length.

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How to deal with a seizure

• Sometimes, one cannot really monitor the
  frequency of a seizure. Most of the time patients
  have little or no control over their body parts.
  Some of them are even scared, thinking that they
  might be mugged when a seizure strikes. Most
  doctors recommend that the patient and his family
  members should be made aware of what he might do
  during an attack. Although only about 1 percent
  of the world is known to suffer from these
  seizures, the causes are yet under research, with
  a definite solution that still remains unearthed!

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Causes and effects of epilepsy

• The physiological reason behind epilepsy is
  altered communication between neurons. This may
  occur due to brain tumours and cancers, brain
  injury, alcohol or drug abuse, as well as certain
  bacterial and parasitic infections. Depending on
  the precise aetiology, epileptic conditions have
  been categorised as 
• Symptomatic epilepsy that involves pathologically
  evident damage to the brain tissue.
• Cryptogenic epilepsy that is characterised by
  symptoms suggestive of brain damage but no
  physical damage to the brain is detectable.
• Idiopathic epilepsy, for which the aetiology is
  unclear.

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Symptoms

• The signs of epilepsy largely depend upon the
  type of seizure. Some of them may last for only
  20 seconds whereas some might stretch for about
  45 minutes to an hour. Since they are difficult
  to pinpoint, there is a generalised view on this.
• Generalised seizures may affect the consciousness
  and bodily functions from its onset and affect
  the whole body.
• Absence seizures usually last 10 to 30 seconds.
  They may include slight movement, or a total loss
  of contact with the environment. Since the
  impulses to the brain are infrequent, it's a
  tough situation for the patient to even move his
  finger.

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Treatments

• Epilepsy cannot be cured completely but can be
  controlled by treating the specific neurological
  disorder as well as by using anti-epileptic drugs
  (AED). However, certain precautions should be
  taken.
• You could loosen some amount of restrictive
  clothing roll over the patient to one side so
  that he breathes easily, without any blockages.
• You could move any sharp or potentially harmful
  items away from the person suffering from a
  seizure to ensure that he does not harm himself
  or others around him.

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