3D Modeling Techniques : Types and Specific Applications

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3D
MODELING TECHNIQUES
ThePro3DStudio
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3D MODELING
3D modeling and animations are being used in
various industries, including video games,
movies, publishing, architecture, medical
science, and geology. 3D modeling refers to the
creation of 3D images of different objects, where
it is mathematically represented in three
dimensions. In the following slides, you will
come to know about different types of 3D modeling
techniques. At the outset, development of 3D
models calls for creativity and an advanced
knowledge of 3D modeling software.
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COMMON TECHNIQUES USED IN 3D MODELING

• Box Modeling
• Subdivision Modeling
• Contour/Edge Modeling
• Spline/NURBS Modeling
• Digital Sculpting

• Procedural Modeling
• Image-based Modeling
• Surface Modeling
• Polygonal Modeling

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SUBDIVISION/ BOX MODELING
3D modeling has limitless potential. Subdivision
modeling or box modeling is a prominent 3D
modeling technique. With box modeling techniques,
the final model is sculpted gradually in 3D
design software from a fundamental and native
shape such as a box, cylinder, or other primitive
objects. The primitive shapes are modeled from
scratch through various iterative steps and the
use of cutting-edge tools. The amount of
detailing and intricacies that you want to
incorporate in the shape can be taken care of in
an efficient manner.
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VARIOUS STEPS IN BOX MODELING
Find some good reference material
Rough Detail Stage
Setting up the Work Environment
Clean-up Stage
Defining the Rough Draft
Cage Modeling
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SUBDIVISION (CAGE MODELING)
This is a nice trick to make your organic model,
which may either be a character or a planet
model, look smoother with just a few clicks of a
few buttons. This, however, does NOT make your
model better. You should note that subdivision
modeling works well with only organic shapes and
makes their surfaces appear smoother by
introducing more geometry through iterations.
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STEPS INVOLVED IN CAGE MODELING
Create a primitive box and set your segments to
1. Now convert it into an Editable Polygon.
Go to the Edit Face mode and scroll down to the
Subdivision Roll-out. Checkmark Use NURMS
Subdivision and set the iteration to 2.
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Collapse the stack by converting it into an
Editable Polygon.
Again set Use NURMS Subdivision and set the
iteration to 2.
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CONTOUR/ EDGE MODELING
Edge modeling is another type of polygonal
modeling technique, but it is different from box
modeling. In this process, the modelers develop
the model piece by piece, instead of refining a
primitive shape. This is done by placing the
loops of polygons along the outlines and filling
the gaps that lie between them.
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SPLINE/ NURBS MODELING
NURBS modeling has been around since the advent
of 3D modeler software. The 3D geometry is
mathematically represented through NURBS which
stands for Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines.
NURBS has the potential to precisely describe all
types of digital shapes ranging from circles,
arcs, and 2D shapes to 3D solids as well as
highly intricate freeform organic surfaces.
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WORKFLOW WITH NURBS
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DIGITAL SCULPTING
Sculpting has been traditionally performed on
rocks chiseled by expert craftsmen. With the
advent of the digital age, sculpting is being
done on computer screens through the use of
specialized software. 3D digital sculpting refers
to the process of designing 3D objects by expert
artists on the canvas provided by advanced
software.
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3D SCULPTING WORKFLOW
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PROCEDURAL MODELING
Procedural modeling refers to the designs that
are generated algorithmically, and are not
created by the artist manually. Here, the objects
and scenes are developed on the basis of
user-defined parameters or rules. In various
environment modeling packages, the modelers can
create entire landscapes by modifying parameters
such as elevation range and foliage density. They
can also choose from landscapes such as coastal
areas, desert or alpine environments. Various
modeling techniquesare used for developing 3D
designs for games.
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IMAGE-BASED MODELING
In image-based modeling, 3D objects are derived
algorithmically from a set of 2D images that are
static in nature. This type of modeling is used
in cases where the modeler faces budgetary or
time restrictions, and is not able to develop
fully-realized 3D images. This is one of the most
common types of 3D modeling techniques in the
film industry. Over the years, image-based
modeling is increasingly being used in the
entertainment industry.
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SURFACE MODELING
Surface modeling helps in creating a 3D spline.
The process involves the incorporation of a 2D
spline, and it is different from NURBS. This
modeling technique is primarily used to generate
organic 3D models in films. It offers a good
amount of flexibility to the modelers. They can
easily create a 3D representation with various
requirements, using geometric entities such as
curves or surfaces.
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SURFACE MODELING WORK FLOW
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POLYGONAL MODELING
In 3D computer graphics, polygonal modeling is an
approach for modeling objects by representing or
approximating their surfaces using polygon
meshes. Polygonal modeling is well suited to
scanline rendering and is therefore the method of
choice for generating real-time computer graphics.
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POLYGONAL MODELING WORK FLOW
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APPLICATIONS OF 3D MODELING

• Advertising and Marketing
• Architectural Design
• Geology and Science
• Gaming

• Entertainment
• Healthcare Industry
• Industrial Design
• Publishing Industry

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ADVANTAGES OF 3D MODELING

• Realistic, easy, and quick
• An image speaks a thousand words.
• Better for marketing and project approvals
• Easy re-modeling and corrections
• Positive impact on project execution
• A boon for interior designers
• Measurements
• Fewer instructions and no language barriers

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