Penal Substitution

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Penal Substitution

• By dying on the cross, Christ appeased Gods
  righteous wrath, which was upon all sinners.

• Key Scriptures
• Isaiah 536
• Romans 325-26
• Galatians 313
• 2 Corinthians 521
• 1 John 22, 410

• Key Promoters
• Anselm
• John Calvin
• Martin Luther
• Most modern Evangelicals

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Moral Influence
The cross is Gods way of showing how much he
loves us, which in turn should motivate us to
love him back.

• Key Scriptures
• 1 John 316
• 1 John 47-12
• Romans 58

Key Promoter Peter Abelard
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Moral Example
Through the cross, Jesus shows us how to love and
trust God and how to love each other.

• Key Scriptures
• 1 Peter 221
• 1 John 316

• Key Promoters
• Socinians
• Modern liberal tradition

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Christus Victor

• Jesus came to defeat the devil, who had become
  the ruler of humanity and their world when he led
  Adam and Eve to switch their allegiance to him.

• Key Scriptures
• Colossians 215
• Hebrews 214-15
• 1 John 38

• Key Promoters
• Early Church
• Martin Luther
• C.S. Lewis

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