EARLY AFRICA

1
EARLY AFRICA

• 1500 BC 5OO CE

2
GEOGRAPHY

• MAP p. 194 (POI)
• Coast Lines
• Isolation Inland
• Sahara (north), Kalahari (south)
• Sahel (savanna)

3
Early African Society

• Hunter-Gatherer
• San Kalahari
• BaMbuti Congo
• Agriculture led to development of settlements by
  4000 BCE
• Extended Family
• Clan
• Animism
• Griots

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Early African Society

• Djenne-Djeno Located in west Africa (p. 197)
• 250 BCE Oldest City South of the Sahara
• Bustling Trade Center on the Niger River
• Nok Located south of Djenne-Djeno between 500
  BCE and 200 CE.
• Iron developed by 500 BCE.
• Earliest culture
• Terra Cotta statues

5
AKSUM

• Legend attributes it to son of King Solomon and
  Queen of Sheba as early as 1000 BCE.
• Located in modern Eritrea and Ethiopia (map p.
  191 and 199.
• First mentioned in Greek Guidebook in 100 CE.

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AKSUM

• Location Created an international trading post
  on Red Sea
• Adulis
• Ezana 325-360 CE, conquered Kush, Arabia, and
  Meroe.

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AKSUM

• Culture
• Religion
• Early animism and belief in Mahrem.
• Greek Influence
• Christianity Due to the conversion of King
  Ezana
• Architecture
• Used no mud bricks
• Used cut stones
• Constructed stelae

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AKSUM

• Culture (cont.)
• Language Geez, only written language of early
  civ. In Africa aside from Meroe or Egypt.
• Terrace Farming
• Minted coins (first south of the Sahara)

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AKSUM

• Aksum Falls
• Islam Invades
• 710 Adulis is destroyed
• Isolated Aksums rulers moved north to mountains
  of Ethiopia

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BANTU MIGRATIONS

• What causes migrations?
• Environmental change
• Political or religious pressure
• Technological Advancement
• Economic pressure

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BANTU MIGRATIONS

• Proto-Bantu Language spoken in Niger-Congo
  basin (p. 205)
• Bantu the people
• Spread south and east
• Not just 1 migration but waves
• 1500 CE reached South Africa

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BANTU MIGRATIONS

• Why Migrate
• Need for land?
• Population increased with agriculture
• Deforestation and desertification
• Effects?
• Spread of Bantu language groups
• Conflict with native hunter gatherers