LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT

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Children Chapter 10 Cognitive Development in
Early Childhood
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Piagets Preoperational Stage

• Preoperational stage
• Stable concepts formed
• Mental reasoning, magical beliefs emerge
• Egocentrism strengthens, then weakens
• Thought still flawed, not well organized

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Symbolic Function Stage

• First substage of preoperational thought
• Occurs about ages 2 to 4
• Child gains ability to mentally represent an
  object not present
• Drawings are imaginative

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• Two limitations on preoperational thought
• Egocentrism inability to distinguish between
  ones own perspective and someone elses
• Animism belief that inanimate objects have
  lifelike qualities and are capable of action

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The Symbolic Drawings of Young Children
(b) 11-year-olds drawing, which is more
realistic and less inventive
(a) 3½-year-olds a pelican kissing a seal
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Intuitive Thought Substage

• Children begin to use primitive reasoning, seek
  answers to all sorts of questions
• Occurs about 4 to 7 years of age
• Centration focusing attention on one
  characteristic to the exclusion of all others
• Conservation realizes altering objects
  substance does not change it quantitatively

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Piagets Conservation Task
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Some Dimensions of Conservation Number, Matter,
and Length
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Vygotskys Theory of Development

• Ways of thinking, understanding develop primarily
  through social interaction

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The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

• What can be achieved with guidance and assistance
  of adults or more skilled children

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• Scaffolding changing level of support over
  course of teaching session to fit childs current
  performance level
• Guided participation stretch and support
  childrens understanding of skills

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• Private speech (self-talk) early transition to
  be more socially communicative used more when
  tasks are difficult

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The Young Childs Theory of Mind

• Awareness of ones own mental processes and
  processes of others
• Children ages 2 to 3 begin to understand
  perceptions, desires, and emotions
• Children ages 4 to 5 begin to understand that the
  mind can represent objects and events accurately
  or inaccurately

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