The Paraeducators Role in Facilitating the Development of Social Skills: A Focus on Manners and Prop

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• The Paraeducators Role in Facilitating the
  Development of Social Skills A Focus on Manners
  and Proper Behavior

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Paraeducator Development Plan Menu
Directions This menu is a tool for you to use as
you progress through the Paraeducator Course.
Whenever you come across topics about which you
would like more information, place a checkmark
next to the topic and indicate in the Notes
column any specifics (for example, in 1 indicate
what legislation and/or policies). For each topic
checked make an entry in the Paraeducator
Personal Development Plan.
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Paraeducator Development Plan
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Agenda

• Introduction and Learner Outcomes
• Legislation Policy
• History of Manners Proper Behavior
• Importance of Acting Civilized
• Specific Situations-Home/School
• Wrap up

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Learner Outcomes

• Discuss the benefits of social skill development
• Explore strategies to help students in the
  development of social skills
• Develop ideas to help the secondary students
  transition into various social settings
• Learn strategies that lead to the students
  increased social independence
• Use strategies to increase the students
  confidence and self-determination

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Local Policy

• Your local school district, IU, preschool or
  employing agencys policies regarding
  paraeducator job descriptions, duties, and
  responsibilities provide the final word!

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Legislation Policy
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IDEA Act of 2004
Legislation Policy

• Its the lawtransition services means a
  coordinated set of activities for a child with a
  disability that is designed to be with a
  results-oriented process, that is focused on
  improving the academic and functional achievement
  of the child with a disability to facilitate the
  childs movement from school to post-school
  activities, including post-secondary ed,
  vocational ed, integrated employment, continuing
  adult ed, adult services, independent living or
  community participation

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The Paraeducators Role
Legislation Policy

• The paraeducator is a person who serves
  under the supervision of a certificated teacher
  as part of a team to provide the
  specially-designed instruction outlined in the
  students IEP
• Pa. Dept. of Ed. (BEC 12-93)

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Legislation Policy
Can Paraeducators Provide Instructional Services
in the Community?

• Yes, in fact, when preparing students for adult
  life, a shopping mall or a factory can be as much
  a classroom as a room in a school building.
  Working under the teachers supervision can mean
  being in the classroom with the teacher or being
  at a community-based site while the teacher is in
  a school building
• Pa. Dept. of Ed. (BEC 12-93)

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History of Manners Proper Behavior
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What are Manners?
Manners Proper Behavior

• Manners are the customs and traditions of a
  society that govern how people treat one another
  and behave in social situations. Manners are
  meant to smooth the rough edges of human nature.
  They maintain order, promote social values and
  foster positive human interactions.

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Manners Proper Behavior

• Activity
• Handout A

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Why good manners are good for us---because they
Manners Proper Behavior

• Put people at ease
• Impress people
• Build self-esteem
• Are attractive
• Allow people to live and work together without
  unnecessary friction

• Can save your life
• Are rare
• Make you feel good
• Make others feel good
• Dont cost anything

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Five ways in which being polite has paid off for
the teenagers who responded to the survey
Manners Proper Behavior

• Got a job.
• Got something I wanted from my parents.
• Got compliments and respect.
• Got in good with the opposite sex.
• Got help from teachers.

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A Brief History of Manners
Manners Proper Behavior

• You should not offer your handkerchief to anyone
  unless it has been freshly washed. Nor is it
  seemly, after wiping your nose, to spread out
  your handkerchief and peer into it as if pearls
  and rubies might have fallen out of your head
  Erasmus (1530) On Civility in Children.

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Arent Manners Sexist?
Manners Proper Behavior

• They certainly are! Why should men have to
  remove their hats indoors while women get to keep
  theirs on? Its not fair!

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Importance of Acting Civilized
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Which Manners are Most Important?
Acting Civilized

• Twenty (20) good manners parents would like
  children
• to practice.

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Acting Civilized

• Activity
• Handout B

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Teaching Manners and Behavior

• How do we teach manners and behavior?

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The Behavior-Instruction Connection
Infrequent Errors

• Procedures for Academic Problems Procedures for
  Behavioral Problems
• Assume student is trying to make the Assume
  student is not trying to make
• correct response the correct
  response
• Assume error was accidental Assume error was
  deliberate
• Provide assistance (model-lead-test) Provide
  negative consequence
• Provide practice Practice not required
• Assume student has learned the skill Assume
  student will make the right
• and will perform correctly in future
  choice and behave in future (as a
• result of the application of the
• negative consequence)

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The Behavior-Instruction Connection
Frequent Errors
Procedures for Academic Problems Procedures for
Behavioral Problems Assume the student has
learned Assume student refuses to cooperate
the wrong way Assume student has been
taught Assume student knows what is right
(inadvertently) the wrong way and has been
told often enough Diagnose the
problem Provide more negative
consequences withdraw student from
normal context Adjust presentation, use
effective Provide more negative consequences
instructional strategies, provide maintain
removal from normal context feedback,
practice review Assume student has learned
the skill Assume student has learned his/her
lesson
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Effective Teaching Practices

• Instruction and opportunities to observe others
• Practice and corrective feedback
• Instruction in many different examples
  nonexamples
• Positive consequences for the correct use of the
  skills
• Generalization opportunities

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Feedback Activity
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(No Transcript)
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Whats the Best Way to Respond to Rudeness?
Acting Civilized

• Teach Them to
• Ignore it
• Be polite

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If You Fail to Teach Your Students, Then Whose
Fault are Their Bad Manners?
Acting Civilized

• Adults seem to think that rudeness in students is
  the result of changing societal conditions, bad
  influences in the media, and the failure of
  adults to teach proper etiquette and behavior.

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Is It Ever OK Not to Have Good Manners?
Acting Civilized
Yes! Manner Waivers are Granted to
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Specific Situations
The Teachable Moment
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25 Rude Things Teenagers Do in Public

• Activity
• Handout F

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Specific Situations in the School, Community,
and Home
Specific Situations

• At sporting events
• Waiting in line
• At the supermarket
• At the fast food restaurant
• At the library
• At home
• Telephone etiquette

• At School
• Introductions
• Giving and receiving gifts
• Applying for a job
• Interacting with people with disabilities
• Doorway decorum
• On foot
• At the movies

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But before we do..
Specific School Situations

• Definitions
• Community-Based Instruction
• Community Referenced Instruction

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Good Schools Share Outstanding Social
Characteristics Including
Specific School Situations

• A prideful sense of community
• Explicitly stated values
• High expectations for student behavior
  achievement
• Respect for the needs feelings of others
• Close student-teacher relationships

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Rudeness in the Learning Environment.
Specific School Situations

• Be silent while the teacher is teaching
• Please raise your hand
• Say please, thank you and excuse me
• Not talk back
• Sit up and pay attention
• Avoid physical or verbal aggression
• Watch your language!
• Stop an inappropriate behavior when asked

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At School--Students Shouldnt
Specific School Situations

• Say unkind things
• Call each other names
• Taunt each other
• Make fun of anyone
• Trip each other
• Dump anothers books
• Fight

• Exclude anyone
• Fail to apologize to each other
• Invade each others space
• Pass gas

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At School--Classroom Decorum
Specific School Situations

• For Teachers/Paraeducator
• Thou shalt.
• Thou shalt not.

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At School--Making New Friends
Specific School Situations

• Observe
• Inquire
• Compliment
• Join
• Resist
• Nurture

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At School--Classroom Decorum
Specific School Situations

• For students
• Thou shalt.
• Thou shalt not.

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At School--Cheating
Specific School Situations

• Be prepared, study, do the work!
• Dont be the Cheater!
• Change your seat, if possible
• Tell the teacher-2 Choices
• Cover your paper

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At School--Player Etiquette
Specific School Situations

• Have fun
• Avoid temper tantrums
• Dont make excuses
• Dont blame others
• Congratulate the winners
• Compliment the losers
• Choose up sides with tact

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At School--Cafeteria Courtesy
Specific School Situations

• Be kind to food servers other lunch staff
• Dont dump anyones tray
• Dont laugh, clap, or cheer if somebody drops a
  tray or breaks a glass
• Eat your own food
• Throw out your trash
• Schedule jokes and similar remarks so they dont
  occur when your companions are drinking

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Teaching StudentsHow to Make Introductions
Specific Community Situations

• Introducing yourself
• Introducing others
• Group introductions
• Being introduced

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Giving and receiving gifts
Specific Community Situations

• Gracious giving
• Righteous receiving
• Thank you notes
• Compliments

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Applying for a Job
Specific Community Situations

• At the interview
• Be on time
• Dress appropriately
• Be prepared
• Mind your manners
• Send a Thank You Note

• Be poised
• Be honest
• Be enthusiastic
• Have questions

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People with Disabilities
Specific Community Situations

• Dont assume that one disability implies another
• Always address people with disabilities directly
• When talking to a person who is deaf, face him so
  he can read your lips
• Never take a persons cane or crutches
• Always ask before helping
• Dont pry

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People with Disabilities (cont.)
Specific Community Situations

• If a third party has a question for the person
  with a disability, dont answer for them
• Be patient when interacting with people who have
  a speech disorder
• Never touch a person with a disability without
  permission
• Dont use euphemisms to describe disabilities
• Use respectful terminology

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People First Language

• Activity
• Handout G

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Doorway Decorum
Specific Community Situations

• Helping others in need
• Holding the door for others
• Automatic electric-eye doors
• Revolving doors

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On Foot
Specific Community Situations

• Sidewalk Conventions
• Sidewalk Snowplows
• Sidewalk Shuffles
• Sidewalk Chicken
• Pushing Buttons

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At the Library
Specific Community Situations

• Ssssshhhhh!
• Talk quietly and only if it is absolutely
  necessary
• Dont re-shelve books yourself

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Deficient Social Skills Functioning

• Lack of cues or opportunities
• Lack of knowledge
• Lack of practice or feedback
• Lack of reinforcement
• Interference of problem behaviors

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Teaching Skills

• Students learn through
• Observation,
• Modeling,
• Rehearsal, and
• Feedback.

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Power Struggle Video
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Avoiding Power Struggles

• Disengaging tactics getting self control and
  backing off
• Take a deep breath
• Use business language
• Keep it short

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Avoiding Power Struggles

• Interrupting Tactics interrupt calmly and stop
  the flow
• Divert attention
• Remove the student
• Use the cool down corner
• Use active listening
• Ask questions

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Avoiding Power Struggles

• Use de-escalating tactics turn down the volume
• Replace the negative with the positive
• Use non-verbal cues
• Offer choices
• Offer a face saver
• Use humor
• Label the emotions
• Consider the payoff

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Learner Outcomes

• Discuss the benefits of social skill development
• Explore strategies to help students in the
• development of social skills
• Develop ideas to help students transition into
• various social settings
• Learn strategies that lead to the students
• increased social independence
• Use strategies to increase the students
• confidence and self-determination

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Wrap Up

• Complete the Paraeducator Development Plan
• Complete Session Evaluation

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Upcoming Paraeducator Trainings
Please check the PaTTAN website www.pattan.net
for upcoming trainings
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References

• Packer, A.J. (1997). How Rude! The Teenagers
  Guide to Good Manners, Proper Behavior and Not
  Grossing People Out. Free Spirit Publishing,
  Minneapolis, MN.
• Phillips, J.T. (2005). George Washingtons Rules
  of Civility. Goose Creek Productions, Leesburg,
  VA.