Welcome to Biology 101 Human Anatomy

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Welcome to Biology 101Human Anatomy Physiology
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A tour through the Visible Human (National
Library of Medicine)
Please be sure you initialed the attendance
sheet! You should do this each time you come to
lecture.
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General Information

• Who am I?
• Greg Erianne, Ph.D.
• Office SH 205
• See Course Policies for Office Hours
• E-mail - CCM gerianne_at_ccm.edu
• Telephone [phone] (voice mail)

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Mariebs Human Anatomy and Physiology Ninth
Edition Marieb w Hoehn

• Chapter 1
• The Human Body An Orientation
• Lecture 1

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Course Web Sites

• Our Web sites for this class are located at
• http//www.gserianne.com/science/GerianneBio101
  (Main)
• Announcements (VERY IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT
  FREQUENTLY!)
• Syllabus and all lecture/lab schedules
• Lecture and Lab slides used in class (ppt and pdf
  formats)
• Supplementary online materials for Lecture and
  Lab
• Lecture and Lab Exam Study Guides
• Links to many other sites including McGraw Hill
  Publishers Web site
• Extra credit assignments
• http//courses.ccm.edu (Blackboard Learn
  Secondary)
• You will need your student ID and password for
  the Blackboard (BB) site
• This BB site will be used ONLY grades and
  grade-related things
• http//masteringaandp.com (from Pearson Science)
• You will need the course ID and have to register
  if you havent been to this site before
• Lots of resources to use for AP I take
  advantage of it!
• Printing slides and other materials (see email I
  sent)

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Overview of Todays Lecture

• Course Web sites and Publisher Web site
• Course Description/Textbook/Lab Book
• Course Objectives and Syllabus Review
• Blueprint for success
• Organization of the Human Body
• Characteristics of Life
• Homeostasis
• Anatomical Terminology

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Textbook/Laboratory Manual

• Course Description
• Lecture / discussion format
• Lectures will follow Mariebs Human Anatomy and
  Physiology, 9th edition closely
• Figures used for class
• Laboratory
• Mariebs Laboratory Manual, 10th edition
• Reading assignments should be done BEFORE you
  come to class/lab

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Major objectives of this course

• In general, you will
• Master the objectives listed in the Study Guides
• Develop a further mastery of scientific/biomedical
  terminology
• Further develop your ability to think logically
  and critically
• Lets review the syllabus, policies, and handouts

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Blueprint for Success

• Most importantly
• Skim your textbook BEFORE lecture and make notes
• Take notes in your own words and become mentally
  involved during lecture review/rewrite your
  notes after lecture
• Ask questions if you dont understand
• Continually review previously learned material
• Use all the study aids available to you
• Before taking the exam, you should be able to
  take a BLANK study guide and answer all the
  questions WITHOUT YOUR NOTES!!!!
• See the Suggested Study Method on Web
  gserianne.com Web site Please review this!!!
• Be sure to print slides/materials if you want
  them for class/lab make a schedule for yourself

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Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy study of structure - Gross anatomy
macroscopic (types?) - Cytology
(microanatomy) cells - Histology
(microanatomy) tissues
Physiology study of function -
Specialized, e.g., neuro-, cellular-, patho-
- Comparative physiology
Structure is always related to function if
structure changes, function changes
Whats this red stuff all about, anyway?
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How Structure Determines Function
Figure from Holes Human AP, 12th edition, 2010
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Levels of Organization
Figure from Holes Human AP, 12th edition, 2010
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Important Definitions of Organizational Terms

• Cell The basic unit of biological structure and
  function (what is a basic unit of something?)
• Tissues A group of cells working together to
  perform one or more specific functions
• Organs Two or more tissues working in
  combination to perform several functions
• Organ System Interaction of organs functioning
  closely together

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Characteristics of Life
What makes something alive, or living?
Movement change in position motion
Responsiveness reaction to a change
Growth increase in size or cell number
Reproduction production of new organisms and
new cells
Respiration obtaining oxygen removing carbon
dioxide releasing energy from foods
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Characteristics of Life (contd)
Digestion breakdown of food substances
Absorption passage of substances through
membranes and into body fluids
Assimilation changing of absorbed substances
into different substances
Excretion removal of wastes
Circulation movement of substances in body
fluids
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Requirements of Organisms
Water - most abundant substance in body (60-80
of BW) - required for metabolic processes -
required for transport - regulates body
temperature
Food - supplies energy - supplies raw materials
to build/replace body components
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Requirements of Organisms (contd)
Oxygen - one-fifth of air - used to release
energy from nutrients
Heat - form of energy - partly controls rate of
metabolic reactions
Pressure - atmospheric pressure important
for breathing - hydrostatic pressure keeps
blood flowing
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General Function of Organ Systems
AP I
AP II
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Organ Systems Integument and Skeletal
Be able to identify the organ systems of the
human body and their major components describe
the major functions of each organ system (See
Figure 1.3 in Marieb)
Figure from Martini, Anatomy Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Organ Systems Muscular and Nervous
Rapidly-acting, short-term control
(Skeletal muscle shown)
Figure from Martini, Anatomy Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Organ Systems Endocrine and Cardiovascular
Slower-acting, longer-term control (compared to
nervous system)
Figure from Martini, Anatomy Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Organ Systems Lymphatic and Respiratory
Figure from Martini, Anatomy Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Organ Systems Digestive and Urinary
Figure from Martini, Anatomy Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Organ Systems Reproductive
Figure from Martini, Anatomy Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Homeostasis
A CRITICAL (and very testable) concept in
physiology
Bodys maintenance of a stable internal
environment Absence of homeostasis DISEASE

• Homeostatic Mechanisms monitor aspects of the
  internal environment and corrects any changes
• Receptors - provide information about environment
• Control center - tells what a particular value
  should be
• Effectors - causes responses to change internal
  environment

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Homeostasis
Figure from Holes Human AP, 12th edition, 2010
Major goal of homeostasis is to keep this
consistent
(Interstitial fluid)
The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround
themselves with their own environment. This is
the environment that must remain stable despite
changes outside.
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Homeostasis
The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround
themselves with their own environment. This is
the environment that must remain stable despite
changes outside.
Major goal of homeostasis is to keep the
interstitial fluid consistent
(Interstitial fluid)
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Homeostasis
Negative feedback deviation from set point
progressively lessens
Positive feedback deviation from set point gets
progressively greater
Figure from Holes Human AP, 12th edition, 2010
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Homeostasis

• Remember that homeostasis does NOT mean constant!
• Continual variations occur in body systems
• Gives rise to normal ranges (See Appendix B)
• Examples of negative feedback (most things)
• Temperature regulation, blood pressure, blood
  glucose levels
• Examples of positive feedback
• Blood clotting, milk production, uterine
  contraction

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Homeostatic Mechanisms
Notice that this occurs in a ONE-WAY circuit.
Figure from Holes Human AP, 12th edition, 2010
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Homeostatic Mechanisms (contd)
Notice that this occurs in a ONE-WAY circuit.
Figure from Holes Human AP, 12th edition, 2010
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Serous Membranes
Visceral layer covers an organ Parietal layer
lines a cavity or body wall

• Thoracic Membranes
• Visceral pleura
• Parietal pleura
• Visceral pericardium
• Parietal pericardium

• Abdominopelvic Membranes
• Visceral peritoneum
• Parietal peritoneum

Serous fluid thin, watery, slippery fluid
typically separating serous membranes
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Serous Membranes
Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram (What
system is each organ a part of?)
Figure from Holes Human AP, 12th edition, 2010
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Serous Membranes
Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram (What
system is each organ a part of?)
Figure from Holes Human AP, 12th edition, 2010
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Review

• Anatomy structure physiology function
• Structure determines function
• The human body (multicellular organisms) can be
  organized in increasing levels of complexity
• Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system
• The eleven organ systems of the body function to
  maintain homeostasis

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Review

• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable (NOT
  CONSTANT!) internal environment
• Requires receptor(s), control center, and
  effector(s)
• Typically uses a negative feedback mechanism
• Body cavities are lined by serous membranes
• Visceral
• Parietal
• Cross (transverse) sections through the thorax or
  abdomen can provide lots of information about the
  relative position of organs within the body
  cavities.