From the conceptual tool to practice The case of DARFUR

1
From the conceptual tool to practiceThe case of
DARFUR
P. Perrin 2002
2
Health aspects of the humanitarian crisis in the
Greater Darfur Region of Sudan
3
Attacks on People
4
Destructions
5
Crisis Severe Imbalance between Needs and
Services
Humanitarian assistance
6
Darfur Political insecurity
7
Displacement
Internal conflict has resulted in a massive
humanitarian crisis in the Greater Darfur Region,
Sudan, with more than one million internally
displaced persons (IDPs) requiring assistance in
more than 124 different locations.
8
IDPs and Refugees Death Rate
About 1.2 million people in the Darfur region
have fled their villages and are camped in 129
settlements across an area the size of France.
More than 200,000 have fled to neighboring Chad.
WHO estimated there were 8,854 deaths among
498,000 internally displaced people in West
Darfur over a two-month period _ some 148 deaths
daily. In North Darfur, WHO said there were an
estimated 3,383 deaths among a population of
382,000 _ or 56 deaths a day. WHO 9.2004
9
Displacement Camps
10
Darfur Physical Environment
11
Health Conditions
Assessments of conditions in different IDP camps
are grim, all indicating severe lack of food,
water, health care and shelter. As IDP camps
grow, so does the pressure on the health system,
which is poor even at the primary level.
Secondary and tertiary health care is practically
non-existent outside of the state capitals.
12
Health Conditions
In Kalma camp near Nyala, where an estimated
66,000 people fleeing violence have sought
shelter and MSF is treating 3,900 malnourished
children, the survey found malnutrition and
mortality rates well above emergency levels. MSF
warns that without increased mobilization of aid
to South Darfur, the health and nutritional
situation in the region could deteriorate
further. MSF Nyala Sept 2004
13
Health Conditions
With few hospitals working, many people lack
access to health care and cannot get treatment
for diseases such as malaria, measles, pneumonia
and cholera.
14
Health Conditions
A major health concern is the lack of sanitation
and safe, potable water at IDP camps. Most water
sources are under-chlorinated, household
containers are contaminated, latrines are
inadequate and environmental conditions are
anything but satisfactory. It is estimated that
only 12 of the potable water needed is currently
available
15
Health Conditions
Such poor conditions have led to a rise in
mortality, with instances of daily under-five
mortality rates of 6.8 per 10 000. The main
causes of death are acute respiratory infections,
diarrhoea, and malnutrition.
16
Health Conditions
The situation is becoming even more critical as
the rainy season sets in. Some camps will become
unreachable and there will be an increased
possibility of malaria and cholera outbreaks
17
Darfur Food security
The international Committee of the Red Cross
(ICRC) warned that rural areas throughout Sudan's
western region of Darfur face an "unprecedented
food crisis" that is worse than the African
famines in recent decades.    The ICRC also said
that the conflict in Darfur resulted in a
collapse in agriculture. Most villages have
planted very little farmers have had their
seeds, their tools and their cattle looted.
According to the ICRC, those who did not escape
to the displaced camps, now face famine. The ICRC
also discovered that these communities spend all
their money on food at the local market, where
prices are now two to three times higher than
last year. Hunger crisis The ICRC believes that
these communities could face an even worse hunger
crisis than the famines of 20 years ago.
18
Darfur Polio
22 JUIN 2004 GENEVE -- Les épidémiologistes de
linitiative mondiale déradication de la
poliomyélite lancent aujourdhui un cri dalarme
indiquant que lAfrique de lOuest et du Centre
est à la veille de la plus importante épidémie de
poliomyélite de ces dernières années. Cette mise
en garde fait suite à la confirmation reçue ce
jour quun enfant a été paralysé le 20 mai par la
poliomyélite dans la région du Darfour, au
Soudan, un pays où cette maladie navait pas été
observée depuis plus de trois ans. Il sagit dun
virus très proche sur le plan génétique du
poliovirus endémique dans le nord du Nigéria, qui
a proliféré au Tchad ces derniers mois. Les
données épidémiologiques montrent que la
transmission du poliovirus sauvage continue à
progresser à un rythme alarmant dans cette
région. En plus de la réinfection du Soudan, à ce
jour cinq fois plus denfants dAfrique de
lOuest et du Centre ont été paralysés par la
poliomyélite en 2004 quau cours de la même
période en 2003. Cent quatre-vingt dix-sept
enfants ont été paralysés au Nigéria, suite à la
suspension des campagnes de vaccination dans le
nord du pays à la fin de lannée dernière.
19
Darfur International Response
20
Darfur ICRC response
Since the start of the crisis in Darfur, the ICRC
has delivered more than 5,400 tonnes of food to
around 220,000 rural residents and some 40,000
IDPs in 50 locations distributed essential
household items, such as blankets, tarpaulins,
clothing and soap, to almost 390,000 people
(263,000 IDPs in 9 camps and 125,000 residents in
19 locations set up/repaired/upgraded water
systems supplying some 2.1 million litres of
water daily to over 240,000 people The ICRC, in
coordination with other organizations, notably
WHO and MSF, is supporting surgical hospitals and
primary health-care facilities throughout Darfur
to ensure the wounded and sick have access to
free treatment. The operation in Gereida is
being supported by the Australian and British Red
Cross Societies and in Seleia by the Canadian and
Netherlands Red Cross Societies. To date in
2004 5 hospitals have been repaired and
upgraded, serving some 172,000 IDPs 7-person
ICRC health teams are working in rural hospitals,
basic health-care units set up in 4 rural
regions, are serving 80,000 people, both IDPs
and residents staff, training, supervision and
materials are being provided to the
prosthetic/orthotic workshop in Nyala
21
Darfur ICRC response
Since the start of the crisis in Darfur, the
ICRC has delivered more than 5,400 tonnes of
food to around 220,000 rural residents and some
40,000 IDPs in 50 locations distributed
essential household items, such as blankets,
tarpaulins, clothing and soap, to almost 390,000
people (263,000 IDPs in 9 camps and 125,000
residents in 19 locations set up/repaired/upgrade
d water systems supplying some 2.1 million litres
of water daily to over 240,000 people The
ICRC, in coordination with other organizations,
notably WHO and MSF, is supporting surgical
hospitals and primary health-care facilities
throughout Darfur to ensure the wounded and sick
have access to free treatment. The operation in
Gereida is being supported by the Australian and
British Red Cross Societies and in Seleia by the
Canadian and Netherlands Red Cross Societies.To
date in 2004 5 hospitals have been repaired and
upgraded, serving some 172,000 IDPs 7-person
ICRC health teams are working in rural hospitals,
basic health-care units set up in 4 rural
regions, are serving 80,000 people, bothIDPs and
residents staff, training, supervision and
materials are being provided to the
prosthetic/orthotic workshop in Nyala The
tracing and Red Cross message (RCM) network, set
up in 1986, relays some 40,000 messages a year
between family members torn apart by the
north-south conflict in Sudan. The network is
being reinforced because of the conflict in
Darfur. The ICRC is also taking the lead role
in restoring contact between the refugees in
camps in eastern Chad and relatives left behind,
together with the Red Cross of ChadThroughout
Sudan in 2004 more than 28,000 RC messages were
collected almost 30,000 RC messages were
distributed around 1,700 separated Sudanese
children registered 85 people, 70 of them
children, reunited with their families more than
230 people located whose families filed tracing
requests 4,200 people being sought following
tracing requests by their relatives
22
Darfur Food security
23
Darfur Food security
24
Darfur Physical Environment
25
Darfur Water
26
Darfur Health Services
27
Darfur Actors of the International Response
28
Situation Darfour
Population
2004 - 2005
29
Background Darfur

ICRC report MSF report WHO report USAID Internati
onal commission of inquiry on Darfur to the UN
Sec. Gen