Study on Aspect Extraction and Program Analysis for Effective Software Development

1
Study on Aspect Extraction and Program
Analysisfor Effective Software Development
???????????????????????????????????

• ?? ?
• ?????D3
• t-isio_at_ist.osaka-u.ac.jp

2
??????????????

• Gregor Kiczales ??????? (ECOOP 1998)
• ?? ???????????
• Separation of Crosscutting Concerns
• ????????????????????
• AspectJ ??? Java ???????????
• Java ?,????????????????????
• ??????,???????????????????

3
?????

• ??????????????,???
• 1???????????1????????????
• (?????) ????????????????
• (???) ?????????????
• (??????) ?????????????????
• ??????
• ???????,??????????????????????
• ? ?????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????

4
?????????????????

• ?????????????
• ????? ?????????????,?????????????

??????????? ??????????? logs ?????
Class Line setColor
Logging Aspect
Class Logger logs()
Class Circle setRadius setColor
????,Line, Circle ?????????????
5
?????????????????

• ???,???????????????
• ??????????????????????????????
• ? ?????????????,?????????????
• ???,?????????????????,??????????
• ?????????????????????????????
• ?????,??????????????
• ? ???,???????

6
????????

• Development Aspect
• ????????????????????
• ????,?????????
• Production Aspect
• ????????????????
• ?????(??????),????????????
• Runtime Aspect
• ????????
• ?????,???????

7
?????

• ???????????????
• Runtime Aspect ?????????????
• ???????????????????,
• ???????????????????????
• Production Aspect ?????
• ???,?????????????????????
• Development Aspect ????????????
• ????,???????????

8
???????

• Development Aspect ???????????????
• ????????,????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ??,????????????,????????
• ?Development Aspect ????????,
• ????????????????????
• 2????????????,????????????
• ??????????
• ?????????????

9
?????????

• ???,?????????????????
• ??????????????
• Fragile Base-Code Problem
• ???????????????????????????????
• ? ?????????????,???????????
• AspectJ ???,?????????
• ?????????
• Inter-aspect problem
• ??????????????????????????????
• (????????)

10
????????

• ?
• ?????????????????,
• ????????????????????????,
• ????????????????????,
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????,????????????

Logger
Logging
Database
call
A client
Encryption
11
?????

• ??????????????
• ????????,??????,?????????
• ?????????????????
• ????,????????(?????)??????????
• ? ???????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ????????????,???????????????????????????

12
????????

• 2?? Development Aspect ???
• ??????????
• ?????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ??????,??????????
• ????????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• AspectJ ???????????????

13
?????

• 1? Introduction
• 2? Dynamic Analysis for Program Slicing using
  Aspect-Oriented Technique
• ?? 2, 7
• ???????????????????????
• 3? Modularization of Assertions Crosscutting
  Objects
• ?? 3, 6
• ????????????????.
• 4? Debugging Support for Aspect-Oriented Program
  Based on Program Slicing and Call Graph
• ?? 1, 5
• ??????????????????????
• 5? Conclusions

14
????????(??) ??????

• Development Aspect
• ????????????????????
• ????,?????????
• Production Aspect
• ????????????????
• ?????(??????),????????????
• Runtime Aspect
• ????????
• ?????,???????

15
???????? ??????

• Homogeneous Aspect
• ???????????
• ?????????????????
• ???,?????????,????????????
• Heterogeneous Aspect
• ????????????,?????????????
• ???????????
• ???????????????
• ??????????
• ???????????????
• ??????????

1???????? ?????? ????
16
?????????? (1/2)

• ?????
• ?????????????????????
• Role-based Design ?????
• ? Observer ????????????????
• Observer Role ? Subject Role ?????????
• Subject ????????? Observer ?????
• ?????????? Role ??????
• Window ? Observer ?,File ? Subject ?
• Role ????????????????
• ??????????????????????

Tamai, T., Ubayashi, N. and Ichiyama, R. An
Adaptive Object Model with Dynamic Role Binding.
Proceedings of ICSE2005, St. Louis, Missouri,
USA, May, 2005.
17
?????????? (2/2)

• ??????????????
• ???????(?????)??????
• ???????????????????????????
• ????????????
• ?????????????,??????????
• ????????????????,??????????

??
??
??
??
??
Elisa Baniassad and Siobhan Clarke Theme An
Approach for Aspect-Oriented Analysis and Design.
Proceedings of ICSE 2004, pp.158-167, Edinburgh,
Scotland, UK, May 2004.
18
??????????????

• ??????????????????????,
• ????????
• AspectJ ???????,???????????????????
• ????????????,Java ?????????????
• ?????,?????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????

19
????????? AspectJ

• Java ?,??????????????????
• ??????,???,???????????
• ???????????????????????
• ??
• ??????? ??????????????
• ????? set ?????????????????
• ????? ?????????????
• ?????,???????????????????
• AspectJ ??????????,???????????????????????

20
??????????

• ????????????????????????
• ????????,Join Point ???????????
• Join Point ?????????????
• ?????????,Join Point ????????????
• ?????? Join Point
• ???????? (call)
• ??????? (execution)
• ???????? (get)
• ????????? (set)
• AspectJ ???,????,?????????????????????????????????
  ??

21
????????

• ???????????????(????)????
• ?????,????????? (before)
• ?????,????????? (after)
• ?????,????????? (around)
• ??????????????????????
• before() pointcut_definition

22
AspectJ ??????????

• before() call( .set(..))
• Logger.logs(thisJoinPoint.getSignature())

thisJoinPoint ? Join Point ? ???????????

???? set ????????? ????????
23
3? ??????????????

• ??(??????)??
• ?????????????????????

Java ???? Assert ? assert ( Boolean expression
) assert( true ) ?? assert( false )
?????,????????
24
????????????

• ???,??????????(????,??????)?????????????

????
? double sqrt (int x) assert( x gt 0
) double result / ?? / assert( result
result lt x ) assert( result result gt x-1
) return result
????
25
?????

• ??????????????
• ??????? (Design by Contract)
• ???????????????????
• ?????,????????
• ?????,???????
• ??????????????????????????
• ?????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ?????,???????????????????

26
?????

• ???????????????????????
• ????????,???????
• ??????????????
• Observer ?????,?????
• ???????,Observer ?????????????
• ??????????????

27
Motivating Example Observer ????
Subject attach(observer) detach(observer)
Observer update()
attach, detach
update
? ?? ????
??????????? ??????

• observer ? subject ????????
• 2. subject ?,?????????, observer ?????
• 3. observer ?,???????????????

28
1 subject -to- N observers ??

• 1 subject to N observers ???
• Observer 1?? ??? Subject ??????????
• Observer ??????????????????
• ? Subject ?,Observer ??????????????

????
Subject 1
Observer 1
Subject 2
Observer 2
29
??????????

• Observer ?????????? subject ?????? Observer
  ????????
• Subject.attach ???????????,???????????????????,???
  ??????????

30
???????????

• Observer ???????????????
• Subject ???? attach ????,detach ??????? Observer
  ???????????????
• Observer ???????????????????

attach
Subject
Observer
must not modify
read/write
subject
31
???????????????

• ?????????,????????
• AspectJ ???????????,???????????????????
• AspectJ ?????
• ?????????
• ???????????????????????????
• ??????? ?????????????assert????,?????
• ?????,?????,?????????
• ???????,??????????????????
• ???????????????????

32
???????????

• Observer ?????????,
• ???????????????????????

33
?????????????????

• ???????,??????????,????????????????????
• ????,?????????????????,?????????????????
• Observer ????????,Observer ?????????? subject
  ?????
• ?????????????,??????
• subject ??????,????????????,???????????????
• ? Observer ?????,Subject ????????????

34
?????????????

• ??????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????,?????????
• ????????????????????????????

Experimental Code
Strict checking aspect
A component
Well-tested Component
35
??????????? (1/2)

• ???????
• ????,??/??????
• ?????????????????,?????????
• ??????????????
• ????????????,??????????
• AspectJ ?,?????????????
• ??????????????????

36
??????????? (2/2)

• ?????????????????
• ?????????(????)???
• ???????????,????????
• ? ???????????????
• ???,?Stack.push ?????????????
• ???? ?Stack.size 0 ?? Stack.size gt 0 ???????

????? ????????
?????????
Size 0
Size gt 0
?????????????? ????????????
37
???????????????

• ???????????
• ?????????????????
• AspectJ ???
• ?????????????????????????
• ??????? AspectJ ?????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• AOP Alliance
• ???????????????????????
• ????????????????????????

38
??????????

• AspectJ ??????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ????????????,????,10???????
• ???????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ????????????????????????

Erik Hilsdale, Jim Hugunin Advice Weaving in
AspectJ. Proceedings of AOSD 2004, pp.26-35,
Lancaster, UK, March 2004.
39
3?????

• ????????????????????
• ??????,???????????????
• ???????,??????????????
• ???????????????????
• ???????1???????????????
• ??????????????????,?????????

40
4? ????????????????????

• ??????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ????,??????????????????????????
• ????????????,???????,???????????????,?????????????
  ????????,??????????

41
????????? (??)

• ? ?????????????????,
• ????????????????????????,
• ????????????????????,
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????,????????????

Logger
Logging
Database
call
A client
Encryption
42
????????????

• ???????????????,??????????????
• ????
• ????????????????????????,??????,?????????????????
  
• ???????,??????????????????????????,??????????,????
  ????????

43
?????????????????

• ?????,????????????????
• AspectJ ?? precedence ????????
• ????????????,????????????????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????????????????????,?????,????????,??????????
• ?????,???????????????

44
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• ?????,???????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ???????????????
• ???,?????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????

45
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• ?????????????????
• ????????,????????????????????
• ????????????????,????????,????????????????????????

46
????????????

• ?????????s?????v(??????lts,vgt)??????????????
• ?? ??-?? ??, if ???????
• ?????????,??????????????

1 a 5 2 b a a 3 if (b gt 0) 4 c
a 5 6 d b
a
1 a 5 2 b a a 3 if (b gt 0) 4 c
a 5 6 d b
a
??lt 6, b gt
b
??
b
47
????????????

• ???????
• ??????? ?? ? ??
• ?????(?????)? ?? ? ??
• ??????
• ????????? ? ??????
• ??????????
• ????????? ? ????????????
• ????????????? ? ??????????????
• ?????????? ? ?????????
• ?????????? ? ????????????????

48
?????????????
Class Line setColor
Logging Aspect
??
Class Logger logs()
Class Circle setRadius setColor
Class Line setColor
Aspect Logging before_call()
??
???????????? ????????? ???????,????
Class Circle setRadius setColor
Class Logger logs()
49
???????

• ??????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ??(???)?? ?????
• ?????????,???????????????????

50
??????????

• ?????? Eclipse ????
• ????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ?????????
• ??????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????

51
????????????????
?????????????
52
????

• AspectJ ??????????????
• 5????????????????
• ??????,???????????????????????
• ??12??????????
• AspectJ ?????????????????
• 4??????????1??,??1???????
• 12??,6??,???????????????

53
?? (1/2)

• ??????????,??????
• ???????,???????????????????????
• ???????????????????,??????????????
• ????????,???????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ??????,??,???????????????,????????????????????????
  ?

54
?? (2/2)

• ???????????
• ???????????,???????????
• ????????????????????,?????????????????????,???????
  ?
• ?????????
• ??????????????????????????????,?????????????????
• ? ???????,????????????????
• ?????????????????????

???,?? ????????????????????????. ??????????????
????????????(PPL2005) ???.
55
4?????

• ???????????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????,??????????????
• ?????????,?????????????????
• ????,??????????????????
• ???????
• ???????,????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????

56
???????????????

• ?????????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ??????????????,??????????????
• CK????????
• ????? ? ?????????????
• ??? Coupling Between Objects ???
• 1????????????????????????,???????
• ??? Lack of Cohesion ???
• 1???????????????????????,?????????????????????????
  ???(???????)

Sant Anna, C., Garcia, A., Chavez, C., Lucena,
C. and Von Staa, A On the Reuse and Maintenance
of Aspect-Oriented Software An Assessment
Framework. Proceedings of XVII Brazilian
Symposium on Software Engineering, Manaus,
Brazil, 2003.
57
??????????

• ????? ?????????
• 1??????????????????????
• ?????
• 1????????????
• ??????????
• ??????????
• ??????????
• 1?????(?????)?
• ????????????

Kassab, M., Ormandjieva, O. and Constantinides,
C. Providing Quality Measurement for
Aspect-Oriented Software development. Proceedings
of AO-ASIA Workshop, Taipei, Taiwan,
December 2005.
58
????????????

• ??????????????
• ???????????????,?????????
• 1?????????????????????????
• CK???????????????????
• RFC (Response For a Class)
• ????????????????????????
• ???,????????
• ??????????????
• ??????????,????????????
• ?????????????,????????

Shiu Lun Tsang, Siobhán Clarke, Elisa
Baniassad Object Metrics for Aspect Systems
Limiting Empirical Inference Based on Modularity.
Trinity College Dublin technical report. 2004.
59
???

• ??????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????????????
• ???????? Development / Production / Runtime
  Aspect
• Development Aspect ?????????????????
• Development Aspect ?,?????????????????????
• ??????????
• ?????????????
• Production / Runtime Aspect ??????,???????????????
  
• ???????????????????????????????

60
???????????????????

• ???????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????,????????
• ?????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????
• ???????????????,???????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ???,????????,??????????

61
?????

• ????????????????
• ????????????????
• Early Aspects
• ???????????
• ????????????????????
• Aspect-Oriented Modeling
• ?????????
• ???????????????
• ????????????????
• Aspect-Oriented Programming
• ?????????????
• ???????????

62
??????????

• ???????????????
• ? ??????????????????
• ?????????,???,???????
• ??????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ??????,??????????????????????
• ????????,????????,?????????????????????

63
????

• ??????/??
• ???????????????
• ??????,????????????????
• ????????,???????????????
• ???????????
• 1??????????????????????????,
• ????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????
• ?????????????
• ????????????????
• ????????,??????????????????

64
?????????

• ??1???????????,??????????????

Logger
Logging
Database
call
A client
Database
call
A client
Encryption
65

• ?

66
(No Transcript)
67

• ????

68

• AOP??

69
???????????

• ?????? ??????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ? ??? set ????????????????

??????,????????
Class Line setColor
Logger.logs(methodName)
Class Logger logs()
Class Circle setRadius setColor
???????????? ? ?????????
70
????????????

• ????????????????????????,
• ?????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• Join Point Model ???

71
Join Point Model

• Join Point ??????????????
• ??????????Join Point ??????????
• ????????,????????,??,...
• Join Point ??????????????

72
??????????

• ????? ???,?????? ??????
• pointcut ????(join point)???
• advice pointcut ?????????
• Pointcut ???????????
• Pointcut ???????????
• Pointcut ???????????(??????????)
• advice ??????,???????????????????
• ?????????,???????????????
• ??????,?????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????

73
???????????????????
??????????????? ???????? Line.setP1, Line.setP2,
Point.setX ???,???
74

• ??

75
????????????????

• ????,?????,?????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ???????????????
• AspectJ ??????

pointcut sqrt_call(int x) call(double
aClass.sqrt(int)) args(x) before(int x)
sqrt_call(int x) assert( x gt 0 )
76
??????? Join point

• Join Point Model
• AspectJ ? Join Point Model ???
• AspectJ ???????????????,????????????
• ?????????????????????????????
• Pointcut Join point ?????????
• call pointcut ???
• Context exposure ???
• Context exposure ?????????????????,??????????????
  ??
• AspectJ ???? this, target, args pointcuts
• ?????? cflow pointcut ??????????????

77
???????????????

• Advice
• assert ??????????
• 1??????????,????????????
• ?????????????????
• AspectJ ?? before/after ?????????
• ?????????
• ?????????????????????
• ???????,?????????????????
• ??????????????
• ?? ???? ???????????

78
Aspect for Observer
Advice for Subject.attach (??????)
Advice for Subject.detach (??)
79
Advice for Subject.attach
80
?????????????????

• ??????????????,1??????????
• 1?????????????,?????????????
• ??????,??????????????
• ?????????,??????????
• ?????????,?????????
• ???????????????????
• ??????,??????????????????????

81

• ????

82
????????????????

• ????????????
• ????????????????,????????????????
• ?????????????
• ????????????
• ?????????????????
• ?????????????
• ?????????,
• ???????????,????????????????

83
??????????

• ???,?????????????
• ??????????????
• ??????,????????
• ????,??????????????????????
• ??????????,??(?????)????????
• ????????????
• ????????????
• ???????????????????

84
???????

• ????????????????????????? AspectJ ???
• ?????????,?????????,??????????????????????
• ?????????????? ?????? ??????????
• ????1000???????????????
• ???????????????????????,??????????????????

85
??????????

• Java ????????????
• ????????????????????(?????)??
• ?????,????????????
• ????????????
• ???????,???????????????????
• Java Virtual Machine Debugger Interface
• JVM ?????????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ?????,JVM ????????????
• JVM ??????????????
• ???????????????

86

• ???????????

87
??(1) ??????

• ????
• AspectJ ??????? 5??
• ??????????????????
• ???????????????500?
• ????
• ???????????,????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• AJDE ????????????????????????

88
??(2) ?????????

• ??????????
• ????(????) 12?
• ??? Java ??????,AspectJ ???????
• ???? Eclipse AspectJ plug-in
• ?????
• Eclipse ???????
• Eclipse ???? Java????????????(????1)
• AspectJ ???????
• Eclipse ???? AspectJ ?????????(????2)
• Eclipse ???? AspectJ ??????????(??)
• ???????? ??,6? ?????????????
• ??????,??????

89
??????????

• ?? ????????
• ???? ( 4 3 ( 2 7 ) ( 2 7) ) ? 35
• ???????????????????
• ???5?(??????),?????4?,??340?
• ??????????
• ??????? (????2???????????)
• ???????????????
• ???????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ?? ???????????????,????????????????
• ?????????
• ???????????,???????????????????
• ?3??????????,???????????????????

90
????????
????
???? ??/?? ?????
???
???
????
????????????
91
???????????
public aspect CachingAspect // member of this
Aspect static private Set workers new
HashSet() // add a member to Worker
class private boolean Worker.isAlreadyCalculated
false pointcut work_call() call(void
Worker.work()) pointcut first_work_call()
work_call() !cflowbelow(work_call()) void
around() work_call() Worker w
(Worker)thisJoinPoint.getTarget() if
(w.isAlreadyCalculated) return else
proceed() w.isAlreadyCalculated
true workers.add(w) // clear the
flag when calculation process is
finished after() first_work_call() for
(Iterator it workers.iterator() it.hasNext()
) Worker w (Worker)it.next() w.isAlread
yCalculated false workers.clear()
?????????? ???????
?????????, ??????????? ???????????
?????????? ???,???????
???????????? ??????????
92
??????

• ??? (???2??????,??????)
• ?????
• ????
• ??????????
• ????????
• ???????????
• ?????????

93
????

• Java??????????????????
• ???? r 0.54
• AspectJ ????????? Java ??????????????????????
• ?????????
• ????????????????????

??????? (?? ?)
???? ????1 (Java) ????2 (AspectJ) ?? (AspectJ)
1 150 186 200
2 200 210 190 (??????)
94
????????????????
????????????

• void f1()
• x f2()
• int f2()
• return doSomething()
• int f3()
• return doSomething2()
• aspect redirectMethodCall
• int around() call(f2)
• return f3()

????????? ??????????
95

• ??/?????

96
CK????? ??????(LCOM)

• ?? ??????????,??????,???????????????????????????
  ????.
• ?? ??? C1 ? n ?????? M1 Mn ???,????????????????
  ????? I1 In ???.
• P (Ii, Ij) Ii n Ij f
• ??????????????????????????
• ???, I1 In ????f???? P f
• Q (Ii, Ij) Ii n Ij ? f
• LCOM P - Q if P gt Q, 0 otherwise.
• ?????????????(??????????)