Insects and pests

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Insects and pests

• Oregon Floriculture CDE Vale Style

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1. Aphids
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APHIDS

• Small (up to ¼) soft-bodied insects.
• The characteristic feature that distinguishes
  aphids from other insects are the tail pipes
  (called cornicles) which extend from the rear of
  their abdomen.

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Aphids

• Aphids, or plant lice, are small, soft-bodied,
  pear shaped insects which are commonly found on
  nearly all indoor and outdoor plants, as well as
  vegetables, field crops, and fruit trees. There
  are hundreds of different species of aphids. Some
  of them feed only one host plant, while others
  will feed on many other plants. Most aphids are
  about 1/10 inch long, and although most of them
  are green or black, they may be gray, brown,
  pink, red, yellow, or lavender. A characteristic
  common to all aphids is the presence of two
  tubes, called cornices, on the back ends of their
  bodies, sort of like "tailpipes".

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Aphids
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2. Leaf Hopper
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Leafhopper

• Leafhoppers are one of the largest families of
  plant-feeding insects. There are more leafhopper
  species worldwide than all species of birds,
  mammals, reptiles, and amphibians combined.
  Leafhoppers feed by sucking the sap of vascular
  plants, and are found almost anywhere such plants
  occur, from tropical rainforests, to arctic
  tundra. Several leafhopper species are important
  agricultural pests.

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3. Leaf Miner
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LEAF MINER

• Insect larvae that feed inside a leaf, between
  the upper and lower surfaces.

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Leaf Miner

• Leaf miners form a natural rather than a
  taxonomic group of insect species that are
  adapted to a special type of environment.Definit
  ion A leaf miner is a species, the larva of
  which lives and feeds for a part of all of its
  time between the epidermal layers of a leaf. The
  mining insects have habits that grade into gall
  making and deeper plant boring as well as
  external feeders and scavengers. There is little
  difference between a borer and a miner except
  that the borer feeds deeper in the tissues of
  plant.

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Leaf Miner Damage
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Leaf Miner Larva
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4. Mealy bugs
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MEALY BUG

• Mealybugs derive their name from the white, waxy,
  mealy secretions that cover their bodies.

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Mealy Bugs

• MEALYBUGS - Mealybugs make up a variety of genera
  consisting of sucking insects that are often
  covered by a powdery coating of wax. Male
  mealybugs are tiny, gnat-like insects. Females
  are usually oval, flattened, wingless and coated
  in white, wax hairs. They can be found on many
  different hosts and on all parts of plants. Use
  of beneficial insects is a popular method of
  mealybug control in greenhouses. Insecticidal
  soap is a suitable treatment method if there is
  only small number of infested plants.

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Mealy Bugs
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Mealy Bug
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Mealy Bug
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Mealy Bug
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5. Scale
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SCALE

• Either soft scales or armored scales
• Covered with waxy shell for most of their life
  which protects them from predators or insecticides

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Scale Insects

• Scale insects suck the fluids from your plants'
  leaves and stems, robbing them of essential
  nutrients. Leaves wither and yellow and may drop
  from the plant. Indoors, scale insects thrive in
  the warm, dry environment and may produce up to
  six new generations on houseplants each year.

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Scale
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Scale
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6. Slugs
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SLUG

• Slugs are gastropod mollusks without shells or
  with very small internal shells, in contrast to
  snails.

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Slugs

• Slugs carry no shell. The most common slug, the
  Large Red Slug, comes in as many colors as the
  Garden Snails do. It is sometimes red or orange,
  but can be white, yellow, brown or black as well.
  You can easily recognize the Large Red Slug
  thanks to the rim between the body and the foot.
  The rim is red-orange independent of the color of
  the rest of the body. This rule only applies to
  the adults. The juveniles however lack the orange
  rim, but may have a beautiful black head instead.
  They slug may grow to be some 15 centimeters
  long!

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7. Snails
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Snails

• Left you see the best known snail the Garden
  Snail. But did you know there are actually two
  species? The only way to tell them apart is by
  looking at their lipp (the opening of the shell).
  In one species the lipp has a light band and
  therefore the animal is called the White-lipped
  Snail. In the other species this band is brownish
  or black. This species is thus called... the
  Brown-lipped Snail. Both species can have exactly
  the same colors and both come in yellow, pink,
  brown and all shades of these colors. Their
  shells are identical as well, so only the color
  of the lip gives them away.

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8. Spider Mites
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SPIDER MITE

• To the naked eye, spider mites look like tiny
  moving dots
• Adults have eight legs and an oval body, with two
  red eyespots near the head end of the body.

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Spider Mites

• Spider mites are common pest problems on many
  plants around yards and gardens in Colorado.
  Injury is caused as they feed, bruising the cells
  with their small, whiplike mouthparts and
  ingesting the sap. Damaged areas typically appear
  marked with many small, light flecks, giving the
  plant a somewhat speckled appearance.

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Spider Mite
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Spider Mites
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Spider Mite
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9. Spittle Bugs
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Spittle Bug

• There are 23,000 species of spittle bugs, but you
  may not have ever seen one because of the unusual
  way that they protect themselves. They actually
  produce a liquid that they whip up into a mass of
  bubbles, and then they hide in it! This mass of
  bubbles is called "spittle" and is where the
  insect gets its name. Check it out in the photo
  above. Most of the time the spittle bugs are
  completely hidden inside the spittle.

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10.White Flies
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WHITEFLY

• Adults are less than 1/8 long and, like their
  name suggests, have white wings with pale yellow
  bodies.
• Adult whiteflies congregate above and under leaf
  surfaces, and disperse in clouds when disturbed.

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Whiteflies

• Whiteflies are small, 1/16 inch long, white,
  winged insects that suck sap from leaves of
  various plants including house plants, garden
  flowers, vegetables and weeds. The leaves of
  ingested plants may turn yellow, be twisted or
  stunted, wither and drop prematurely. Leaves also
  may be sticky with honeydew, a sugary solution
  excreted by the whiteflies. Sometimes a black
  fungus called sooty mold develops on the
  honeydew, and adds to the plant's problem by
  blocking out light and interfering with
  photosynthesis.

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Whitefly
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11. Thrips
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THRIP

• Thrips are small (1/8 long) and narrow-bodied
  insects commonly found feeding on leaves and
  stems.
• The presence of thrips gives a splotchy
  appearance to leaves.

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Thrips
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Thrips
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12. Fungus Knats
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FUNGUS GNATS

• Adult fungus gnats are about 1/8 to 1/10 inch
  (2.5 mm) long, grayish to black, slender,
  mosquito-like, and delicate with long legs,
  antennae and one pair of wings.

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Fungus Gnat