Recognize and describe the difference between solids, liquids, and gases.

1
SCIENCE Distributive Review
Fourth Grade
2
Science ObjectivesGrade 4

• S.4.2.1.4
• S.4.2.1.3
• S.4.2.1.2
• S.4.1.1.1
• S.4.4.1.1
• S.4.4.1.3

• S.4.4.2.3
• S.4.4.3.1
• S.4.1.1.2
• S.4.2.2.1
• S.4.2.3.3
• S.4.6.1.3

• S.4.1.1.3
• S.4.2.1.1
• S.4.3.1.2
• S.4.3.1.1
• S.4.3.2.1

• S.4.1.1.4
• S.4.2.4.1/2
• S.4.2.4.3
• S.4.4.3.2
• S.4.5.1.1

3
Recognize and describe the difference between
solids, liquids, and gases.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.2.1.4

4
Describe the differences between solids, liquids,
and gases.(see pages E6-E9)
5
Solids have a definite shape and take up a
definite amount of space.
Liquids take up a definite amount of space but
take the shape of their container.
Gases have neither a definite shape nor do they
take up a definite amount of space. Gases take
up the space of the container they are in, but
will escape from a container when it is opened.
6
SOLIDS LIQUIDS GASES

ice
juice
helium
water
oxygen
wood
water vapor
metal
gasoline
7
Science Distributive Review
Which states of matter take the shape of their
containers?
Reminder Write the answer in a complete
sentence, restating the question in the
answer. EXAMPLE __________ and __________ are
the states of matter that take the shape of their
containers.
8
Liquids and gases take the shape of their
containers.A solid has a shape of its own.
9
Science Distributive Review
How can you change a solid chocolate bar to a
liquid?
Reminder Write the answer in a complete
sentence, restating the question in the
answer. EXAMPLE You can change a solid chocolate
bar to a liquid by
10
A chocolate bar becomes a liquid when its
melted. To melt a solid, heat must be added.
11
Science Distributive Review
How can you change liquid water to ice?
Reminder Write the answer in a complete
sentence, restating the question in the
answer. EXAMPLE You can change liquid water to
ice by
12
When water is frozen, it becomes ice. To freeze
a liquid, the temperature must be decreased.
13
Science Distributive Review
What are the states of matter pictures in order
from left to right?
LIQUID
SOLID
GAS
14
Observe and record how one object interacts with
another object.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.2.1.3

15
Science Distributive Review
Describe the interaction when baking soda is
added to vinegar.
16
When baking soda is added to vinegar, you should
observe bubbling as a chemical reaction takes
place and carbon dioxide is formed.
17
Science Distributive Review
What happens when blue food coloring is dropped
and stirred in water?
18
When blue food coloring is added and stirred in
water, the water becomes blue.
19
Science Distributive Review
How does salt, a solid, interact with water, a
liquid?
20
When salt is mixed with water, it dissolves. It
hasnt disappeared it just looks differently.
21
Science Distributive Review
What signs are evidence that an interaction has
caused a material to change to a new
material?(see page E28)
22
Light, energy release, color change, bubbles, and
smoke are all signs of a chemical change.
23
Science Distributive Review
Rusting causes the texture and color of a metal
to change. Does that indicate a change to a new
material or a change to a different form of the
same metal?(see pages E26-E29)
24
The color change indicates that a new material
has formed.
When oxygen reacts with metal over a period of
time, a reaction occurs which results in the
forming of a new compound called oxide.
25
Describe and classify objects by more than one
property.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.2.1.2

26
Which of the words below describe the properties
of the pencil you are using now?
hard round shiny
soft angular opaque
rough white transparent
smooth black jagged
bumpy yellow spotted
Think of two additional properties that
describe your pencil.
27
Science Distributive Review
List as many objects as you can think of that can
be described as BOTH hard and round.
28
Possible Answers
coin, ring, baseball, bowling ball, flagpole,
marble, etc.
29
Science Distributive Review
Which object is the most rough carpeting, the
sidewalk, or sand paper? Explain your choice.
30
Compare an artificial sponge with a natural
sponge. Tell the similarities and differences.
31
Ask questions that can be answered by
investigating.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.1.1.1

32
Which of the following are good examples of
questions that can be investigated in science?
Will cold temperatures slow the growth of a
plant?What does a plant do with sunlight?How
does a plant make its food?Does the amount of
water affect the growth of a plant?Which soil
type is best for growing radishes?Where are most
kinds of plants found?What is your moms
favorite flower?
33
The following are good examples of questions that
could be investigated in science
Will cold temperatures slow the growth of a
plant?What does a plant do with sunlight?How
does a plant make its food?Does the amount of
water affect the growth of a plant?Which soil
type is best for growing radishes?Where are most
kinds of plants found?What is your moms
favorite flower?



34
Science Distributive Review
Jill measures one liter of water into each of
three containers. The containers have the same
capacity, but different shapes. One is short
with a wide opening, one is narrow with a small
opening, and the third is in the middle. She
places each container in a sunny area and
collects data on how much water has evaporated
for several days. What question is Jill
investigating?
35
Will the size of the opening of a container (the
change or independent variable) change the rate
of evaporation of water (measured as a result of
the experiment, dependent variable)?Does the
size of the container affect the rate of
evaporation?
36
Science Distributive Review
Your teacher has provided you with two different
brands of washable markers. What question might
you ask to compare the markers using science?
37
Which brand lasts longer when coloring on regular
copy paper?Which brand lasts longer when the
cap has been left off?
Possible Answers
38
Science Distributive Review
A fourth grader wonders which brand of paper
towel is best. What question might he write that
could be answered scientifically?
39
Which brand of paper towel will hold the most
weight without tearing?Which brand of paper
towel will absorb the most water?
Possible Questions
40
Collect, observe properties, and classify a
variety of earth materials.ANDDescribe
properties of many different kinds of rocks.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.4.1.1 and S.4.4.1.3

41
A class of fourth graders collected leaves from
the playground. Which properties might be used
to compare and contrast the leaves?
42
POSSIBLE ANSWERS color size texture shape
43
In what ways might a collection of rocks be
sorted? What might some of the categories
(properties) be?
44
POSSIBLE ANSWERS hardness, color, texture,
transparency, shininess, effect of immersion in
water, etc.
45
Look at the rock you have been given. Describe
its properties including its color, texture, and
shininess.
46
Science Distributive Review
Which of the following earth materials might be
used in building marble, oil, leaves, limestone,
water, sand, rock?
47
Marble, limestone, and rock may be used for
building, while the other materials likely would
not.
48
Science Distributive Review
If you were assigned to collect a variety of
earth materials to represent your backyard and
what makes it unique, what might you bring to
school?
49
Discuss that the sun provides light and heat to
maintain the temperature of the Earth.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.4.2.3

50
The sun is the main source of energy for Earth.
What are two types of energy our planet receives
from the sun?
51
Earth receives energy in the form of light and
heat from the sun.
52
What might the consequences on Earth be if energy
received from the sun suddenly decreased?
53
A sudden, dramatic change in the light or heat
received from the sun would affect life by
changing weather, water systems, plant life, etc.
54
Science Distributive Review
Why does it seem cooler when the sun goes behind
a cloud?
55
Direct sunlight provides direct heat. When the
direct rays of the sun are blocked, it seems
cooler.
56
Science Distributive Review
Observe the playground during recess. What
places receive the most sunlight and which are
most shaded? How is the temperature different in
those areas?
57
Science Distributive Review
Explain how sunburn provides evidence of the
suns energy.
58
A sunburn is a change on our skin that is caused
by the suns light and heat energy.
59
Describe changes in the surface of the earth as a
result of erosion.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.4.3.1

60
Science Distributive Review
Erosion is the movement of earth materials from
one place to another by natural forces. What are
some causes of erosion?
61
Moving water, including rainfall and rivers, and
wind can cause erosion.
62
Science Distributive Review
Explain how the Grand Canyon was formed by
erosion.
63
Over millions of years, the movement of the
Colorado River has carved the land into what we
now call the Grand Canyon. As the Rocky
Mountains rose, the Colorado River flowed more
and more rapidly downhill, cutting deep and
beautiful layers.
64
Science Distributive Review
There is a bare slope at the park. When it
rains, the soil washes down the slope creating a
mess in the play area. What could be done to
prevent the erosion of the slope?
65
Digging trenches that run opposite the direction
of the slope will help, but in trying to keep a
park beautiful, a better choice might be to plant
thick grass or other plants in the soil on the
slope.
66
Science Distributive Review
How might the slope of the land and the
vegetation growing on it affect the rate of
erosion?
67
The slope of the land directs significant amounts
of water. Vegetation slows the rate of erosion
by holding the soil in place.
68
Science Distributive Review
Describe ways that erosion can be an
environmental problem.
69
Possible Answers
Changing direction of river flow resulting in
floods, creating unstable ground resulting in
sinkholes, etc.
70
Plan and conduct a simple experiment.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.1.1.2

71
Science Distributive Review
Jamie wants to test whether or not the
temperature of water will affect the growth of a
plant. What materials will he need?
72
Jamie will need...

• at least two of the same type of plants
  about the same size/age- a graduated cylinder-
  a thermometer- water- means for heating/cooling
  water- common sunny place for plants to
  grow- a ruler

73
How will Jamie set up his experiment?
Science Distributive Review
74
Decide on a watering schedule and water each
plant with exactly the same amount of water on
exactly the same days.Each group of plants will
receive a different temperature of water, and
those temperatures will need to remain consistent
throughout the experiment.
75
Periodically, Jamie will need to measure and
record the plants growth (height, length or
width of leaf, length of stemusing the same type
of measurement each time)
76
Plants will need to be kept in a common place and
cared for similarly in every way except
temperature of water.
77
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78
Science Distributive Review
What will need to stay the same (constants) for
Jamies experiment to be a fair test?
79
type of plant, frequency and amount of water,
placement in the room, etc.
80
Science Distributive Review
What will Jamie be measuring as he collects data
to test his question?
81
Jamie will be measuring the plants growth,
probably using height, length or width of leaf,
or length of stem.
82
Move objects by pushing, pulling, throwing,
spinning, dropping, and rolling, and describe the
motion.ANDObserve that a forces is needed to
make objects move or stop moving.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.2.2.1

83
Science Distributive Review
A recess ball is gently set at the top of the
slide on the playground. Describe its motion if
no one touches it and there is no wind.
84
The ball will not move without any force pushing
on it.
85
Science Distributive Review
How would you describe the motion of the same
ball if it were given a light push down the slide?
86
The ball will roll down the slide when pushed
gently, likely getting faster as it goes down.
The ball will continue rolling as it exits the
slide.
87
Science Distributive Review
How would the motion of the same ball be
different if a student were to kick it down the
slide rather than push it gently?
88
If the ball were kicked, it would also go down
the slide, but it may bounce as it rolls
downward. The harder push will cause it to move
faster. The ball will continue rolling as it
exits the slide.
89
Science Distributive Review
What if a bowling ball were placed at the top of
the slide instead of a recess ball? How would it
change the force needed to push the ball down?
How would it change the motion of the ball?
90
The bowling ball would need a greater force to
get moving. Once it was moving, the bowling ball
would move down the slide speeding up as it
rolled, just as the recess ball did. It would
likely stop rolling abruptly once it exited the
slide, however, as it would be harder for an
object with such mass to change direction without
an additional force.
91
Science Distributive Review
If you were to roll two pencils across your desk,
one with eight flat sides and one round, how
would the motion of the two pencils differ?
92
The octagonal pencil would likely roll slower and
stop sooner. The round pencil would roll more
freely, perhaps faster, and may roll right off
the desk.
93
Science Distributive Review
How would rolling a baseball across a carpeted
floor differ from rolling the same baseball
across a wood floor?
94
The ball would roll more slowly and stop sooner
on the carpeted floor. On the wood floor, the
ball would roll more freely, perhaps faster and
would not stop until it hit another object.
95
Identify that the source of sound is vibrations.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.2.3.3

96
Science Distributive Review
What is sound?(see pages E70-E75)
97
Sound is vibrations you can hear.
98
Science Distributive Review
How does sound travel from where it is made to
our ears?
99
Vibrations cause sound waves, and these waves
travel through the air or other matter to our
ears.
100
Science Distributive Review
A student observes a table with a full glass of
water on it as it is being hit with a hammer.
What did she observe?
101
The student will feel the table vibrate as she
hears the loud bang. She will also likely see
the water in the glass ripple or possibly spill a
little from the vibration of the table.
102
Science Distributive Review
When you stretch and pluck a wide rubber band, it
makes a different sound than a skinny one. How
do the vibrations differ? How does the sound
differ?(see pages E78-E81)
103
The thicker rubber band vibrates more slowly, has
fewer vibrations, and the sound created has a
lower pitch. The thinner rubber band moves more
quickly, has many vibrations, and the sound
created has a higher pitch.
104
Science Distributive Review
How does a drummer change volume?(see pages
E78-E81)
105
When a drummer taps the drum lightly, the sound
is softer, and when the drummer bangs hard on the
drum, the sound is louder.
106
Discuss the nutritional value of various foods
and their contribution to health.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.6.1.3

107
Science Distributive Review
What kinds of information might one be looking
for when reading food labels?
108
serving size, calories, amount of fat, amount of
sugar or sodium, amount of important vitamins or
minerals like calcium and iron, ingredients, etc.
109
Science Distributive Review
Describe a days worth of healthy food choices
including breakfast, lunch, dinner, and a
snack.(See pages R8-R9)
110
Science Distributive Review
How can a persons activity level affect the
amount of calories needed to maintain health?
111
Everyone needs a basic amount of calories every
day to maintain health. People who have more
active lives may need to eat more to keep their
caloric intake at an appropriate level, and
people who are generally inactive will need to
eat less.
112
Science Distributive Review
Why is it important to include foods high in
calcium or iron in our diets?
113
Calcium is important for strong, healthy bones,
and iron helps maintain our blood.
114
Science Distributive Review
What are the immediate effects of skipping
breakfast? What effects can skipping breakfast
regularly have over a period of time?
115
When students skip breakfast, they will have a
low energy level, will feel hungry, and will
probably have trouble concentrating. Skipping
breakfast frequently may cause one to be more
susceptible to disease and will affect work
performance over time.
116
Science Distributive Review
What is the best nutritional choice of foods?A)
green beansB) licoriceC) hamburgerD) soda pop
117
Green beans are best as a vegetable.
118
Observe and measure properties using appropriate
tools for size, mass, shape, volume, color, and
temperature.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.1.1.3 and S.4.2.1.1

119
What tool would you use to measure length of
an object?pull of gravity on an
object?temperature?time to accomplish a
test?volume of a liquid?
ruler, meter stick, tape measure
spring scale
thermometer
stopwatch, clock
graduated cylinder, beaker
120
Science Distributive Review
Why might a dropper be used in an investigation?
121
A dropper would be used to measure small amounts
of liquid.
122
Science Distributive Review
What science tools could be used to see something
more closely?
123
a hand lens or a microscope
124
Science Distributive Review
How can a student safely collect data about a
possibly poisonous liquid?
125
Possible Answers
The student can wear safety goggles and
protective gloves while collecting data. The
liquid can be observed through a beaker. Forceps
can be used to add or remove objects from the
liquid.
126
Science Distributive Review
What unit of measure will be used to track the
change in volume of two liquids when comparing
their evaporation rates?
127
Millimeters would be the most appropriate unit of
measure.
128
Science Distributive Review
What does a thermometer measure?
129
A thermometer measures the temperature of an
object or liquid. Temperature is the amount of
heat energy it contains.
130
Compare and contrast different structural
characteristics of organisms and the distinct
functions of these structures.ANDIdentify ways
plants and animals interact with and change their
environments.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.3.1.2 and S.4.3.1.1

131
What are the basic needs of animals?
132
air, water, food, habitat, space, climate, shelter
133
Science Distributive Review
Explain how a fish meets its need for oxygen in a
different way than a bird.
134
A fish gets oxygen directly from the water it
lives in as the water passes through its gills.
Birds get oxygen from the air, just like humans.
135
Science Distributive Review
What are the basic needs of plants?
136
carbon dioxide, nutrients, water, light
137
Science Distributive Review
How do leaves, stems, and roots help plants live?
138

• leaves make food
• roots take in water and nutrients and anchor the
  plant in place
• the stem or trunk provides support and transports
  water and nutrients through the plant
• flowers and seeds are for reproduction

139
Draw this chart on your paper and fill it in with
animals you know that fit into each category.
no legs two legs four legs more than four legs

140
Science Distributive Review
Plants and animals both need __________ to live.
141
Plants and animals both need air, water, and
habitat to live.
142
Identify ways plants and animals interact with
and change their environments.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.3.1.1

143
Science Distributive Review
How does a chameleon protect itself from its
predators?
144
A chameleons skin changes so it can blend in
with its environment making it difficult for
predators to spot.
145
Science Distributive Review
What are some other ways animals protect
themselves from their predators?
146
Plants an animals may use different structures to
perform the same functions. For example claws,
coloration, scales, spines, teeth, etc.
147
Science Distributive Review
Explain how the differences in the shape and size
of a birds beak might relate to the kind of food
it eats.
148

• seed eaters have thick, heavy beaks
• fruit eaters have short, stubby beaks
• insect eaters have sharp, pointed beaks

149
Science Distributive Review
Compare the pictures. What special function does
each foot probably have?
150
The animal with the clawed foot probably catches
its prey from the air and carries it.
The animal with the webbed foot probably swims in
water.
151
Compare, contrast, and ask questions about the
life cycles of various organisms.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.3.2.1

152
What is missing from the butterfly life cycle?
?
ADULT
PUPA
LARVA
153
What is missing from the butterfly life cycle?
ADULT
EGG
PUPA
LARVA
154
Science Distributive Review
Describe the life cycle of butterflies.
155

• adult butterflies lay eggs
• the eggs hatch into larvae called caterpillars
• the caterpillar eats and grows, shedding its
  skin many times
• the caterpillar becomes a chrysalis, where it
  changes into a butterfly
• when ready, the butterfly emerges from the
  chrysalis and can go lay more eggs

156
Science Distributive Review
How is the life cycle of a mammal different than
that of a butterfly?
157
Butterflies go through metamorphosis, which means
their bodies undergo changes as they progress
from an egg to an adult. Mammals do not go
through metamorphosis. Their young are born with
the same basic body form as the adults.
158
Science Distributive Review
A tadpole begins to grow legs. What will happen
next in the life cycle of a frog?
159
The tadpoles tail will become smaller until it
disappears.
160
Science Distributive Review
What environmental factors might disrupt the life
cycle of a frog?
161
Possible Answers
predators, change in climate, natural disasters,
human intervention affecting the survival of eggs
or tadpoles
162
Science Distributive Review
Describe the life cycle of a plant.
163
Seeds are the first part of the plants life
cycle. Seeds germinate and sprout when their
needs are met. If the sprout continues to have
its needs met, it will continue to grow into an
adult plant.
164
Communicate, critique, and analyze your own
investigations, and interpret the work of other
students.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.1.1.4

165
Science Distributive Review
You are doing an experiment to test which type of
soil is best for growing radishes, soil A, B, or
C. You have decided to compare the height of
each plant to determine which is growing best.
What is the best way to show your results?
166
The most logical way to show how the plant grows
over time would be a line graph. A bar graph
would be effective to show the results of the
mean heights of the plants in soils A, B, and C.
167
  Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
Soil A 1.2 cm 2.4 cm 3.6 cm
Soil B 0.5 cm 1.1 cm 2.4 cm
Soil C 2.1 cm 3.0 cm 4.8 cm
168
  Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
Soil A 1.2 cm 2.4 cm 3.6 cm
Soil B 0.5 cm 1.1 cm 2.4 cm
Soil C 2.1 cm 3.0 cm 4.8 cm
169
After keeping data for three weeks, you find that
soil A and C produce plants of nearly the same
size, while soil B produced a much smaller and
weaker plant. What conclusion can you draw from
the results of this investigation?
170
Soils A and C are best for growing radishes. The
data did not show that one soil was better than
the other.
171
Science Distributive Review
What additional investigations might you try to
better compare soils A and C?
172
Possible Answers
Try soils A and C using different types of
seedsDo the same experiment with one other
condition changed.
173
Science Distributive Review
Kevin conducted an investigation to find out if
the weight of a ball would affect the number of
times it would bounce when dropped from two
meters.
174
In his first trial, the heavier ball bounced 27
times and the lighter ball bounced 62 times.
175
Science Distributive Review
In his second trial, the heavier ball bounced 34
times, and the lighter ball bounced 60 times.
176
Science Distributive Review
In his final trial, the heavier ball bounced 72
times, and the lighter ball bounced 59 times.
What would be the best way to show his findings?
What can Kevin conclude given his data?
177
Kevin can draw a data table and a graph to show
the data. He can conclude that the greater the
weight, the fewer times a ball will bounce.
The final trial must have been in error. Kevin
might need more trials before drawing a
conclusion.
178
Science Distributive Review
What information would you need to repeat Kevins
experiment?
179
We are unable to repeat the experiment without
knowing exactly what kind of balls Kevin used,
what their weights were, the manner in which the
balls were dropped, and the surface one which
they were dropped.
180
Demonstrate that magnets attract and
repel.ANDDesign a simple experiment to see
whether various objects will be attracted to
magnets.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.2.4.1 and S.4.2.4.2

181
Science Distributive Review
In what ways will two bar magnets interact?
182
Like poles will repel each other, and unlike
poles will attract each other.
183
Science Distributive Review
What happens when you place the north end of a
magnet right next to the north end of another
magnet? Why dont you observe the same reaction
when the north poles are facing one another from
a distance?
184
When the north poles are near each other, they
push apart from each other. When the north poles
are farther apart, the force pushing them in
opposite directions is not as strong.
185
Science Distributive Review
A student wanted to know which objects were
attracted to magnets. What might she do to test
her question?
186
Gather the objects and a magnet. Test to see
whether or not each item will be attracted to the
magnet.
187
You have the following objects

• a pencil eraser
• glass
• a paper clip
• a steel washer
• aluminum foil

• a penny
• a thumbtack
• a button
• a metal spoon
• a rubber band

Which items do you think would most likely be
attracted to a magnet?
188
Science Distributive Review
Amy notices that two magnets are attracted even
when a paper barrier is placed between them. She
wonders how thick the paper can be before the
magnets will no longer be attracted. How could
she set up an investigation to test her question?
189
Amy needs to have many sheets of paper available
and test gradually increasing thicknesses of
paper between the magnets, keeping track of how
many it takes before the magnets are no longer
attracted. She should complete several trials.
190
Construct a simple circuit.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.2.4.3

191
Science Distributive Review
List the fewest materials that can be used to
construct a working circuit.
192
A battery, a wire, and a light bulb
193
Science Distributive Review
Explain why the pictures circuit wont work.
What could be done to complete the circuit?
194
A wire is needed to connect the light source to
the negative end of the battery.
195
Observe, describe, and record daily and seasonal
weather changes.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.4.3.2

196
Science Distributive Review
What are the best tools to use when collecting
data about rainfall, temperature, and wind
direction?
197
Rain is measured using a metric rain gauge.
Temperature is measured using a Celsius
thermometer. Wind direction is measured using a
wind vane.
198
Science Distributive Review
What is the best way to tell someone what the
weather in Kansas is like in the winter?
199
Our winters are cold with some snowy or icy
conditions. There is usually not snow on the
ground for long periods of time.
200
Science Distributive Review
What kind of information can you find on a
weather map?
201
Science Distributive Review
How can you tell the season is changing from
summer to autumn in Kansas by observing the
temperature and precipitation?
202
Possible Answers
Summers in Kansas are very hot, and autumn has
much more mild temperatures. Summers tend to be
dry. Precipitation increases during autumn.
203
Science Distributive Review
Why is it important that weather observations
over time be done at the same time of day, same
location, and with the same type of equipment?
204
It is important to keep track of weather data
under like conditions so they can be compared and
used to make predictions.
205
Design a plan, implement the plan, evaluate the
results, make changes to improve the product, and
communicate the results.
Learning Objective

• Science Review
• S.4.5.1.1

206
A student wanted to design an airplane that flies
the farthest. She made the first one out of
notebook paper. It did not fly very far. She
made the second airplane using heavy construction
paper, paperclips for weight, and folded the
plane differently. It flew a long way. How can
she test what made the second plane fly farther
than the first plane?
207
Each variable must be tested independently.
208
Science Distributive Review
What would be an appropriate design for a tree
house ladder? Describe your plan and evaluate
what makes it safe.
209
Science Distributive Review
Why are doorknobs on the edge of a door instead
of in the center?
210
This is the most logical design given the
construction and function of a doorknob.
211
Science Distributive Review
Ali observed that the bubble blower she made of
wire created larger bubbles than the one she made
with a pipe cleaner. What can she conclude about
her designs?
212
Possible Answers
The smoothness of the wire vs. the pipe
cleaner. The strength of the wire compared to the
more flimsy pipe cleaner.
213
Science Distributive Review
How might Ali change the design of her bubble
blowers?