???????????? Constructivist Strategies for Teaching English in Primary Schools

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????????????Constructivist Strategies for
Teaching English in Primary Schools
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???? Outline

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• 2????????????
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• 3???????????????
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1????????????
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• .

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1.1 ????????

• ?????????(??????)?,??????????????????????????

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1.1.1 ???????

• (1)?????????????????????????????
• (2)?????????????????
• (3)???????????????
• (4)???????????????

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1.1.2 ????????

• ????????????????????????? ?
• ?????????????????? ?
• ????????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ?????????????????????,?????????

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1.1.3 ????????

• ?????
• ????????????(stage setter)????(facilitator)?
• ?????
• ????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????
• ???????
• ????????????
• ?????????????????

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1.2 ?????????

• ?????? enthusiastic and lively
• ?????? bold and active in an activity
• ?????? less psycho-stress on learning
• ?????? more time to learn
• ?????? less cognitively developed
• ?????? hard to retain their attention
• ?????? interest lost quickly
• ?????? less experience in learning

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1.2.1??????
Notice??
Link ??
Success??
Want??
Inquire??
Engage ??
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?????

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• ??????????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• ??????????????
• ????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????????????
• ?????

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1.2.2????????Children learn English

• ??????????? in a natural way
• ??????????? by interacting with each other in an
  atmosphere of trust and acceptance
• ?????????by participating in a variety of
  interesting activities
• ???????????? by imitating and repeating, singing
  and chanting

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1.2.3 ???????????External Conditions for
Children Learning English
?????Correct demonstration
??????Understandable input
?????Adequate practice
?????Stress-free atmosphere
?????Positive reinforcement
Clear objectives ???
??????Meaningful interaction
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A. ??????????

• ???????
• ??Now listen and repeat.
• ??Books out, please. (????????)
• ??Face the class.
• ??Speak up. Say it louder.
• Just the girls. The girls only.
• ????????????
• Eyes to the front, please. Back to the class.
  
• Work in twos / pairs. Well done. I like it.

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B. ????????

• ??
• ??Whats your name? Im Sarah. Show me your
  pencil. This is my nose. Many
• ??sharpener,
• ??I have a pencil. Look at me.
• ????pink ball, Act like a cat.
• ??thirteen, thirty, Chinese,
• ??May I have a look? (???)

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Correct demonstration

• ??
• ???????????????????
• ??
• ?????????????????
• ????/??
• ?????????????
• ????
• ????????,??????

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C. ????????

• ?????????????????
• ???????????????
• ??????
• ????(??)???????
• ????????(accuracy or fluency?)
• ????????????
• ??????????????

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D. ????????????

• ??????????,??????
• ?????????????????
• ?????????????
• ?????????????
• ????????????????
• ??????????????????????????

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E. ???????????

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• ????
• ????
• ?????
• ????

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F. ?????????

• ???????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ??????????????
• ?????,???????
• ????,??????????
• ??????????

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1.3 ?????????Related Constructivist Principles
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1.3.1 ????????????Learner-centred instruction

• ????????? needs and interests
• ?????? individualization of learning
• ??????? learner autonomy
• ??????????,?????????
• ?????????????????????(????)
• ???????????????????????????(??????)?

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1.3.2 ???????????Action-oriented approach

• ????? learning by projects/tasks
• Task-based (Activity-based) learning
• ???( learning by doing )
• ?????? creative forms of classroom activities
• ???? cooperative learning
• ???? learning by teaching (LBT)

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1.3.3 ?????????Authentic holistic language
experience

• ???? content-orientedness
• ????????? authentic and complex learning
  environment
• ???????????? ??????,????????,???????????????????
  ????????????????,??????????

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1.3.4 ???????????Process-related awareness

• ???? learning awareness
• ???????????
• ???? language awareness
• ???????????????
• ????? intercultural awareness
• ??????????

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1.3.5 ????????Principles of ELT in Primary
Schools

• ?????????????Provide comprehensible input with
  scaffolding
• ?????????????????Offer enjoyable and active roles
  in the learning experience

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• ?????????????????Use multiple intelligence and
  topic-based activities
• ??????????????? Help students develop
  their language ability through collaboration
• ?????????????? Provide clear objectives and
  feedback on performance

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??? Questions to consider

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  ???
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Q????????????????????????????,????????????????

• A?????????????????????????,????????????,???????
  ???????????????????????????????????,????????????
  ??????????????,???????????????????????????????

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Q?????????????

• A?????????????????????????????(?????)?????
  ????????????,???????????????????

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Q????????????????? ???,???????????????
??

• A??,????????????,????????????????????,???????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????

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Q???????????????

• A??????????????????,?????
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• ???????,???????????????????

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Q?????????,??????????????????????????????????
?????

• ?????????????????,?????????????????(????????!?
  ???????????? )???,????????????????,?????????????
  ??????

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Q????????????????????????

• A?????, ??????????????????????????????????,????
  ?????????????????????????????????????,??
  ?????,???????????,????????????????
  ????????????,?????????????????

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Q?????????????????

• ?????????????????????(facilitator)
• ??????
• ??????(??????????)
• ??????
• ??????

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2. ???????????
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2.1 ???????????????
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2.1.1 ??????????????

• ??(Respect)????,????
• ??(Empathy)????????
• ??(Authenticity)????,????

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2.1.2 ?????????

• ??????,??????,??????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????
• ????????(?where, what, who, why, how, when
  ?)???????(?yes?no?????)?
• ??wait time,??????????????????

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• ???????,????????????
• ????????????,?????
• ??STT (Student Talking Time)?
• ?????????????????
• ?????????
• ????(??)????????????????
• ????,??????(????U?????),??????????

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• ?????????,?????????,???????????????????
• ????,???????????????????,?????
• ?????????????,??????????????
• ??????????,????,?????,????????????

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2.2?????????????

• 2.2.1????
• ???Large class size
• ?????? Fewer opportunities for practice
• ?????? Marked individual differences
• ?????? Heavier workload for teachers
• ?????? Decreasing interest in learning
• ?????? Losing confidence in learning
• ?????? Increasing learning anxiety
• ?????? insufficient time for practicing

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• ??????Inappropriate teaching methods
• ?????? Unnecessary use of Chinese
• ?????? Teaching words as the priority
• ??????? Ineffective learning activities
• ?????? Unattainable objectives
• ?????? Excessive TTT (teacher talking time)
• ??????????? Written test as the main evaluation
  means

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2.2.2 ????????

• ??????(????)(heterogeneous)
• ?????? cooperative learning
• ?????? peer teaching
• ?????? more choral practice
• ????????? activating students roles (both low
  and high achievers)
• ????????? creating a favourable environment in
  the classroom

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2.2.3 ????Some tactics

• ????Choral activities
• ????Pair work
• ???? Group work
• ????????Practice, demonstration, contest
• ????Chain work
• ????Routines

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????Routines

• Child on duty ????
• ?? Greetings
• ?? Day and date (Special days and birthdays)
• ?? Weather
• ???? Softball and response
• ????? Keyword prompt

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2.1.3 ???????????

• ??????????????,???????????????????,????????
• ??
• ????
• ??????
• ??
• ?????????????
• ??????????(????????)??,???????????

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?????????

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3.??????????????
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?????????????

• ??? 5
• ?? 10
• ?? 20
• ?? 30
• ???? 50
• ???? 75
• ???? / ???? 90

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3.1 ????Teaching vocabulary

• ?????????Realia and demonstration
• ?????
• ????(Phonemic awareness)
• cat, cat, man, hat, black, map,
• ?????Practice in its context (sentence)
• ?????
• ??????
• ????Word games

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3.2?????Introducing new pattern

1. ??????? Begin with familiar questions
2. ????? Slip in a new pattern
3. ???? Ask another child
4. ??????? Go back to familiar questions
5. ????? Slip the new one again
6. ????????? Encourage children to ask the new one
7. ???? Give answer with demonstration
8. ????? Ask the new one again

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?? Whats your hobby?

• T When do you get up?
• T What sport do you like best?
• T What do you do on the weekend?
• T Whats your hobby?
• T Whats your favourite season?
• T Whats John doing? (picture)
• T Whats your hobby?
• T Ask me (the question), please.
• Ss Whats your hobby?
• T I like drawing pictures. (acting)
• T Whats your hobby?

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• T Listen and repeat hobby, h-o-bb-y,hobby.
• (Q--A practice)
• Chant-sing
• Hobby, hobby, whats your hobby?
• Whats your hobby?
• Whats your hobby?
• Hobby, hobby, whats your hobby?
• I like drawing pictures.

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• ???????????????,???????
• ?????????????????
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• ???????????????????????

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3.3?????Chanting and singing

• IV-A-3-B Lets chant
• Friends are like you and me.
• Some are old, some are new.
• Some like green, some like blue.
• Friends are like me and you.
• Now you make it a song.

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• IV-A-4-A Lets do
• Go to the living room. Watch TV.
• Go to the study. Read a book.
• Go to the kitchen. Have a snack.
• Go to the bathroom. Take a shower.
• Go to the bed room. Have a sleep.
• Open the window. Sing a song.

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???

• ???????????????????,????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????

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A few more words

• ??????????????????Every child will become a
  successful L2 learner
• ????????????Every child needs our hand to hold
• ?????? ?? ?? ??
• Tell yourself Learning practice
  reflection progress

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Time for Questions
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• Thank you for your attention!
• Good luck with your teaching!
• chuxh_at_126.com

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?????The natural way
Exposure to language ????
Comprehension ????
Imitation ??
Active use ????
Language input????
Language output????
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??????Language Activities

• Listening
• ????Listen and repeat
• ????Listen and guess
• ????Listen and act (match/find/draw, etc)
• Speaking
• ????Draw and ask questions
• ????Whisper a sentence
• ????Pairs finding
• ????Speaking chain
• ???Story telling
• ????Guessing games
• ????Interview/survey

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• Reading
• ???? Phonics
• ???? Read and colour
• ???? Read and match
• ???? Read and draw
• ???? Word games
• Writing
• ???? Spelling bee
• ???? Enriched dictation
• ???? Describing the picture
• ??? Journal writing

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Activities from New Standard EnglishPhonics
Rhyme
Im a cat, cat, cat in a cap, cap, cap. (U 2, M
4, Book 1 )

• Long lizard long,
• Lying on a log.
• Look at the lizard,
• Lying on a log.

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Chant with TPR
Chant with TPR

• Point to the window.
• Point to the door.

Point to the ceiling. Point to the floor.
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• One, two, point to the shoe.
• Three, four, open the door.
• Five, six, count the sticks.
• Seven, eight, clean the plate.
• Nine, ten, hold up the pen.

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Songs
I can sing a rainbow
Red and yellow and pink and green. Purple and
orange and blue. I can sing a rain bow, sing a
rainbow, sing a rainbow, too.
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Head, shoulders, knees and toes
Head, shoulders, knees and toes, knees and toes.
Eyes and ears, and mouth and nose. Head,
shoulders, knees and toes, knees and toes.
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The three bears (Book 1)
Stories
These are the three bears. This is Father Bear.
Hes fat. This is
Mother Bear. Shes big.
This is Baby Bear. Hes small.
The bears are in the forest.
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• The three little pigs (Book 2)

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????Multiple Intelligences

1. ?????? Linguistic intelligence (word smart)
2. ??-??? Logical-mathematical intelligence
   (logic/math smart")
3. ?????? Spatial intelligence (picture smart)
4. ?????? Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence (body
   smart)
5. ?????? Musical intelligence (music smart)
6. ??????Interpersonal intelligence ("people smart")
   
7. ?????? Intrapersonal intelligence ("self smart")
8. ???????Naturalist intelligence (nature smart)

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????The Eight Intelligences
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????? Scaffolding

• ???????????
• Getting children interested in the task
• ?????????
• Simplifying the task breaking it down into
  smaller steps
• ???????,??????Keeping children on task reminding
  them of goals
• ????
• Pointing out what is important
• ??/????Preventing/managing frustration