Effects%20of%20Drugs%20on%20Daphnia

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Effects of Drugs on Daphnia

• Michelle Dilgard
• Undergraduate Student
• Education Major
• Biology Concentration
• Tennessee Technological University
• Cookeville, TN 38505

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Project Summary

• Problem How do drugs effect Heart Rate?
• Using Daphnia is more appropriate
• Through the performing of an experiment

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Introduction and Background

• Daphnia
• Water Flea (Wong, 1997)
• Many studies have been done previously
• Drugs to be used
• Caffeine (Foster, 1997)
• Nicotine
• Alcohol
• Ibuprofen (Cluevers, 2003)

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Objective

• I will observe the changes in heart rate of
  Daphnia when exposed to Caffeine, Ibuprofen,
  Alcohol, and Nicotine. I will have several
  separate samples of Daphnia in my study. Each
  community will be exposed to a different drug and
  observe how the heart rate of the Daphnia changes
  accordingly.

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Hypothesis

• I believe the Daphnia heart rate will increase
  when the Daphnia are exposed to Caffeine and
  Nicotine. I believe the Daphnia heart rate will
  decrease and slow down when the Daphnia are
  exposed to Ibuprofen and Alcohol.

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Methods

• Label containers
• Place Daphnia on slide
• Record Heart Rate
• Add experimental solution
• Record new heart rate
• Repeat

Data Form
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Materials

• Water
• Depression Slides
• Cover slips
• Droppers
• Daphnia Magna
• Microscope
• Watch

• Petri Dishes
• Daphnia Anatomy Chart
• Cigarettes
• 80 proof vodka
• No-dos
• Ibuprofen tablets

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Expected Results

• I expect that the Daphnias heart rates will
  increase with Nicotine and Caffeine because both
  of these drugs are stimulants.
• I also expect that the Daphnias heart rates will
  decrease with Alcohol and Ibuprofen solution.

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Benefits

• This experiment will show not only the effects of
  these drugs on Daphnia but also what they
  similarly do to the human body when it is
  exposed.
• Daphnia are used as a humane alternative to
  Humans when performing this type of experiment.

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Timeline

• 9-6-06 Title Due
• 9-13-06 Literature Reviews and Works Cited Due
• 9-20-06 Method Objective and Hypothesis Due
• 9-27-06 Research Proposal
• 10-4-06 Website
• 10-11-06 Midterm Due
• 10-25-06 Begin Experiment
• 12-6-06 Final Presentation

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Budget

• Petri Dishes- 5.10
• Slides- 7.50
• Cover Slips- 3.20
• Daphnia- 10.95
• Caffeine Pills- 7.49
• Ibuprofen- 9.99
• Cigarettes- 3.40
• Vodka- 16.99
• Pipettes- 10.00

• TOTAL 74.62

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Works Cited

• Campbell, Anthony K., Kenneth T. Wann, and
  Stephanie B. Matthews. 2004. Lactose causes
  heart arrhythmia in the water flea Daphnia pulex.
  Comparative Biochemistry and physiological Part
  B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 139
  225-234.
• Cluevers, Michael. 2004. Mixture toxicity of the
  anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac, ibuprofen,
  naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid.
  Exotoxicology an Environmental Safety 59
  309-315.
• Foster, Rachel. 1997. A stroboscopic method to
  investigate the effect of caffeine on Daphnia
  hear rate. Journal of Biological Education 31
  253-255.
• Wong, Diana C.L., Philip B. Dorn, and Eric Y.
  Chai. 1997. Acute toxicity and
  structure-activity relationships of nine alcohol
  ethoxylate surfactants to fathead minnow and
  Daphnia magna. Environmental Toxicology and
  Chemistry 16 1970-1976.
• Wang, Helen Ying, Allen W. Olmstead, Hong Li, and
  Gerald A. LeBlanc. 2005. The screening of
  chemicals for juvenoid-related endocrine activity
  using the water flea Daphnia magna. Aquatic
  Toxicology 74 193-204.
• Villegas-Navarro, Arturo, Esperanza L. Ross, and
  Jose L. Reyes. 2003. The heart of Daphnia
  magna effects of four cardioactive drugs.
  Comparative Biochemisty and Physiology Part C
  Toxicology and Pharmacology 136C 127-134.