Objective: Examine the History of Japan

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Objective Examine the History of Japan

• Do Now
• How do you think Japans Geography Influence its
  Culture?

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Japan
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Geography

• An archipelago with 3000 islands
• 4 main islands
• Kyushu
• Closest to Korea
• Shikoku
• Honshu
• Largest most populated
• Hokkaido
• Most isolated in the north

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Took some, left some

• Isolated Islands
• Developed distinct culture
• Proximity to mainland China
• Took some aspects of Chinas culture
• Ring of Fire
• Earthquakes and Tsunamis

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Climate and Physical Geography

• Small (about the size of Montana) with 125
  million people
• 80 mountains (volcanic)
• Arable land on coastal plains
• Densely Populated
• Ocean moderates temp (still temperate)
• Lots of rain and long growing season

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Rice and Fish

• Intensive farming
• Using all available land and utilizing technology
  to produce ¾ of the food they eat even though 8
  are farmers (terraced mountains, irrigation,
  cooperative farming, etc)
• Fish and seafood
• Catch herring, sardine, tuna, cod, salmon
• Raise fish in rice fields
• Farm shellfish too

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The Jellyfish Dilemma
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Imports are Necessary

• lacks natural resources like minerals, oil, coal
  etc.
• Imports nearly all since industrialization.
• Conflicts hurt economy

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Homogeneous Society

• Language, culture, ethnic background is nearly
  all the same
• Ethnocentric
• Burakumin (tanners) and Ainu (N. Japanese) seen
  as less than

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Japans Traditions
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Religion

• Shinto
• Kami (spirits) live in everything
• Did not answer questions about life after death
  or proper behavior so the Japanese turned to
  other religions and philosophies for answers

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Family Life

• Confucianism Guided Family Life
• Eldest male rules
• Arranged marriages

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Feudalisms Impact

• The feudal system relied on loyalty to class
• Samurai code- bushido
• emphasized loyalty to lord, bravery,
  self-discipline and honor
• seppuku (ritual suicide) if dishonor

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Imitation (1st I)

• Adopted from China
• Confucianism
• Buddhist ideas
• Taoist ideas
• Innovation
• Did not adopt
• Mandate of heaven
• Civil Service Exams
• Language

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A stroke of good luck OrThe Gods are on Out
Side

• 2Mongol attacks
• 2 Defeats by Kamikaze (Divine Winds)

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Feudal Japan

• 1100s samurai (warriors) struggled for power
• Established feudal system
• Lords under lords under lords ruled land
• Minamoto Yoritomo emerged the strongest and was
  given the title shogun (general of army and
  emperor)

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Feudal System

• Shogun? Lords (Samurai)? Peasants, artisans and
  merchants
• Lords often struggled for power against shogun
  and therefore leadership changed frequently

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Isolation (2nd I)

• Tokugawa Ieyasu
• Feared Western Imperialism
• Expelled foreigners
• 1639Slammed the door to the rest of the world
• If you leave you cannot come back
• No building of ocean going vessels
• Only 2 ships a year from Netherlands
• China and Korea had small outposts
• Capital became Edo (modern Tokyo)
• Peace and Prosperity
• Due to peace, many samurai become Daimyo
• Administrators of the Shogunate

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3rd I IndustrializationThe Rise of Modern Japan

• Meiji Restoration
• focused on modernization
• Sent 100s of Japanese to study western life in
  the US and Europe
• Laughed at westerners for dancing together
• Were shocked at the lack of respect shown to
  elders
• BUT
• Were awestruck at the technology
• Were amazed that all Americans had access to
  luxuries.
• Industrialization through Zaibatsu (huge
  corporations)
• Western political system with bicameral
  legislature
• Abolished feudalism
• Education promoted

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5-article Charter Oath(April 1868)

• I. Deliberative assemblies shall be widely
  established and all matters decided by public
  discussion.
• II. All classes, high and low, shall unite in
  vigorously carrying out the administration of
  affairs of state.
• III. The common people, no less than the civil
  and military officials, shall each be allowed to
  pursue his own calling so that there may be no
  discontent.
• IV. Evil customs of the past shall be broken off
  and everything based upon the just laws of
  Nature.
• V. Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world
  so as to strengthen the foundations of Imperial
  rule.

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4th IImperialism

• Competed with West for territory
• Sought raw materials for industry (Japan Lacks)
• The Russo-Japanese war led to
• Control of Korea
• Control of Formosa (Taiwan)
• Eventual control of
• 31 Manchuria (Manchukuo)
• 37 Rape of Nanking (China)
• 40? Southeast Asia? Pearl Harbor bombing

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Review the 4 Is

• Imitation Chinas Literature, Art, Buddhism,
  Confucianism, Taoism, Language etc.
• IsolationTokugawa shuts door to the rest of the
  world
• Industrialization Meiji (Zaibatsu, Mines,
  Railroads, etc.)
• Imperialism (Korea, Taiwan, Manchuria, China,
  Southeast Asia, Pacific)

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WWII

• Emphasis on Militarism
• Emphasis on Nationalism
• Bushido ideas
• Kamikaze pilots
• Seppuku
• Never Surrender

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WWII US WinsJapan Down for the Count?

• US Occupies Japan and Forces Changes
• New constitution adopted in 1947
• Bill of rights
• Men and Women Equal
• Democratic- Direct elections
• No More War
• Demilitarization (Japans military limited)
• US occupation ends in 52
• Japan becomes US ally

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Changing Japan

• Focus on economic reforms
• Family reforms
• Less arranged marriages
• Men do not legally control estate
• Men enter universities and become professionals
  much more often than women
• Women are gaining ground
• 94 complete high school and 40 go to college
• Juku Cram schools to prepare for entrance exams

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Westernization and Economic Boom

• After WWII Japanese began adopting many western
  ideas, styles, technology, etc
• Throughout the 50s and 60s Japan, with aid from
  the US, was able to modernize factories and gain
  control of many markets
• Nicknamed the economic miracle
• The 1990s gave rise to a recession
• Economy
• Best most industrialized in Asia prior to WWII
• Post WWII Traditional (textiles)? Heavy
  Industry? Tech

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International Relations

• Since WWII Japan has not only stayed out of
  conflict but opposed it
• Vietnam and Iraq (gulf war)
• China Seen as a market
• S.E. Asia Distrustful of Japan but major trading
  partner
• KoreaDistrustful of Japan and tensions remain
• Russia Seen for its market possibilities

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Art, Literature and Pop Culture

• Buddhism, Shinto and the West Influence
• Tokugawa woodblock printing
• Poetry Haiku
• the first cold shower
• even the monkey seems to want
• a little coat of straw.
• No Plays 1300s --Music, dancing and acting
  communicate religion and spirit
• Kabuki1500 and 1600s Colorful plays with
  elaborate sets, dancing , acrobatics and often
  themes of revenge and love

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Culture

• Anime
• Technology
• Sumo
• Baseball
• Japanese influence art and architecture in
  America
• Foods