The Protestant Reformation

1
The Protestant Reformation

• Ms. Catsos

2
Overview

• Corruption in the Church
• Martin Luthers Protest
• Spread of Luthers Ideas
• John Calvin

3
Church in the late Middle Ages

• Babylonian Captivity
• Return to Rome- need to rebuild
• Schemes to collect money
• Simony (paying for Church offices)
• Tithes on land
• Indulgences payment for the forgiveness of sins

4
Corrupt Officials

• 12 year old bishops
• Illiterate priests
• Immoral behavior
• Caricature of Pope Alexander VI

5
Martin Luther

• German monk and professor of theology

• Had a deep personal fear of eternal damnation and
  thought the Church was leading people astray
• Never meant to start a new religion only to
  reform the Church

6
95 Theses

• 95 arguments against the Churchs selling of
  indulgences
• Almost immediately, printed and spread across
  Europe

7
Lutheran Beliefs

• Salvation by faith alone
• Authority of the scriptures alone
• Vernacular translation of the Bible
• Different roles for priests

8
Diet of Worms
Luther at the Diet of Worms (1521) I cannot and
I will not recant anything, for to go against
conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I
stand, I cannot do otherwise.
9
Spread of Luthers Ideas

• Widespread support among monarchs who wanted to
  reduce Church power.
• Peasants inspired by Luther revolted calling for
  an end to serfdom. Luther did not support them.
• Peace of Augsburg Allowed each German prince to
  choose the religion of his own land.

10
John Calvin

• Catholic priest who converted in 1534 and fled to
  Geneva, Switzerland
• Belief in predestination, the belief that God has
  already planned out peoples lives and has
  already chosen who will go to Heaven
• Calvin set up a theocracy, or government run a
  religious group, in Geneva

11
Europe After the Reformation
12
Political Cartoons

• Common in an era when few people could read
• Caricature of Pope Alexander VI

13
Cartoon Christ and Antichrist