Eras of World History

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Eras of World History
Using the GeoHistoGram
Goals
Introduce Students to the GeoHistoGram
Connect the Era titles to significant events
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Eras of World History
Using the GeoHistoGram
The history of the world has been divided into
eras to help organize the information.
Each of the eras has been named to help define
the events during that time.
We will use the GeoHistoGram to look at both the
dates and the areas to get a basic understanding
of the history of our world.
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The GeoHistoGram

• The GeoHistoGram shows
• both time (chronology)
• and place (region)

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The GeoHistoGram
This is the basic form of the GeoHistoGram
seven vertical bars.
Space goes across the diagram, from west on the
left to east on the right.
Space goes across the diagram, from west on the
left to east on the right.
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The GeoHistoGram
Time goes up the side, from the distant past on
the bottom to the present at the top.
.
Each curve in each bar represents 1000 years of
history in that region.
.
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The GeoHistoGram
Here is a simple use of the GeoHistoGram to
show ancient empires in Mesopotamia. (before the
Common Era, and roughly in the middle of the
worlds land).
The bars represent major world regions, from the
Americas in the west to Polynesia in the east.
The bars represent major world regions, from the
Americas in the west to Polynesia in the east.
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The GeoHistoGram
By varying the width of the empire blob, you
can show how its power expanded at different
times.
Adding a shape in northeast Africa can show how
Egypt lasted a long time but varied in
importance.
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The GeoHistoGram

• Some words you need to know

Era a period of time
Migration the act or process of moving from one
region or country to another
Pastoral herding or keeping animals for food,
transportation, etc.
Agriculture farming cultivating the land,
producing crops, and raising livestock
Empire lands, a group of nations, territories,
or people ruled by a single authority.
Civilization a highly developed society with a
high level of culture and social organization
Colonization to establish a colony in another
country or place
Revolution a dramatic change in ideas or practice
Imperialism the policy of extending the rule or
influence of a country over other countries or
colonies
Nationalism excessive devotion to a nation and
its interests, often associated with a belief
that one country is superior to all others
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GeoHistoGram Activities

• Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram  

The first era is Beginnings of Human Society
(Beginning to 4,000 BCE)
The Beginning was about 200,000 years ago!
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The first humans migrated out of Africa and had
populated most areas of the world by 10,000 BCE
Why do you think humans migrated out of Africa?
How did people survive?
By the end of this era, humans had learned to
herd animals and plant crops. This was a major
lifestyle change and led to permanent settlements.
Pre-history - Homo sapiens spread across the world
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GeoHistogram Activities

• Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram  

The second era is Early civilizations and
Cultures and the Emergence of Pastoral People
(4000 1000 BCE)
What is a civilization? What are pastoral
people?
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What does Pastoral mean?
The first settlements occurred in areas where
agriculture was possible, namely river valleys.
What rivers were located in these areas?
Tigris and Euphrates
The Fertile Crescent
Egypt
Nile
India
Indus
China
Huang He
Era 2 Early Civilizations and Emergence of
Pastoral Peoples
Era 1 Beginnings of Human Society
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Having a stable food supply allowed some people
in the settlements to have other jobs. This
division of labor led to the development of
civilizations.
Some elements of civilization include the
development of
cities
art
specialized jobs
religion
communication
laws
Era 2 Early Civilizations and Emergence of
Pastoral Peoples
Era 1 Beginnings of Human Society
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These are the names of the civilizations that
began during this era in these regions
Africa
Middle East
Central Asia
East Asia
The size of the colored shapes show the growth
and extent of each one.
Which one did not continue to grow into the next
era?
Era 2 Early Civilizations and Emergence of
Pastoral Peoples
Era 1 Beginnings of Human Society
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GeoHistogram Activities

• Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram  

The third era is Classical Traditions, World
Religions, and Major Empires (1000 BCE to 300 CE)
What are the major classical civilizations? What
world religions were predominant? What major
empires developed?
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With the rise of civilizations and development of
new technology, trade helped spread ideas.
In East Asia, the Qin Dynasty united a territory
which is now ___??____, the most populous country
in the world.
China
Growing civilizations, needing more land and
resources, used force to expand, and became
empires.
Era 3 Classical Traditions and Major Empires
These are the two large (classical) European
empires that characterize this era.
Era 2 Early Civilizations and Emergence of
Pastoral Peoples
What famous Greek leader conquered Egypt and
advanced into Central Asia?
Era 1 Beginnings of Human Society
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Empires grew by conquering people of many
cultures. World Religions, like Buddhism and
Hinduism, also spread.
Other large empires ruled during this era. Where
are each of them located?
Persia?
Middle East
Mauryan?
India
Asia
Han
Era 3 Classical Traditions and Major Empires
What was the first civilization in the Western
Hemisphere?
Era 2 Early Civilizations and Emergence of
Pastoral Peoples
Era 1 Beginnings of Human Society
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GeoHistoGram Activities

• Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram  

The fourth era is Expanding and Intensified
Hemispheric Interactions (300-1500 CE)
What do expanding and intensifying mean? What
hemispheric interactions took place?
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Empires expanded during this era
The eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine
Empire, but had many enemies. What does its
shape tell you?
By about 700 CE, what dynasty in Asia had
expanded westward?
Era 4 Expanding Hemispheric Interactions
Islam spread by both trade routes and conquering
armies into north Africa and central Asia.
Era 3 Classical Traditions and Major Empires
What was the major trade route connecting China
to Europe?
Mongols conquered both Chinese and Muslim
empires and spread into Europe.
Era 2 Early Civilizations and Emergence of
Pastoral Peoples
Era 1 Beginnings of Human Society
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Empires expanded during this era
In West Africa, what two empires became wealthy
through trade?
The Plague spread across Europe killing a quarter
of the population.
How is this shown on the GeoHistoGram?
Era 4 Expanding Hemispheric Interactions
Marco Polo sparked a new interest in trade with
China.
Era 3 Classical Traditions and Major Empires
What effect did the demand for products from Asia
have on Europeans?
Era 2 Early Civilizations and Emergence of
Pastoral Peoples
See Era 5!
Era 1 Beginnings of Human Society
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GeoHistoGram Activities

• Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram  

The fifth era is Emergence of the First Global
Age (15th to 18th Centuries)
What is a global age?
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What important event marks the beginning of this
era?
Era 5 Emergence of 1st Global Age
The ability to navigate the ocean caused many
changes in trade and power.
Columbia Exchange was an important trading system
between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Era 4 Expanding Hemispheric Interactions
What 3 regions were involved?
What was exchanged?
European Colonialism starts in this era.
Era 3 Classical Traditions and Major Empires
What color shows its spread?
Which direction did it spread?
Era 2 Early Civilizations and Emergence of
Pastoral Peoples
What other Empire expanded its power during this
era?
Era 1 Beginnings of Human Society
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GeoHistoGram Activities

• Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram  

The sixth era is Global Revolutions (Late
1700s through 1914)
What is a global revolution?
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Era 6 Age of Global Revolutions
Explain the saying The Sun never sets on the
British Empire
Era 5 Emergence of 1st Global Age
During this era, revolutions freed many colonies
from their European conquerors or feudal leaders.
American
Latin American
Era 4 Expanding Hemispheric Interactions
Chinese
Russian
French
As the Ottoman Empire declined, Europes power
increased.
Era 3 Classical Traditions and Major Empires
Many changes occurred including an increase in
world migration and industrialization.
Nationalism and imperialism grew in Europe, Asia,
and America.
Era 2 Early Civilizations and Emergence of
Pastoral Peoples
Era 1 Beginnings of Human Society
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GeoHistoGram Activities

• Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram  

The seventh era is Global Crisis and
Achievement (1900-1945)
What is a global age?
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Era 7 Global Crisis and Achievement
Era 6 Age of Global Revolutions
Increasing government, economic and political
power changed the global balance of power.
Era 5 Emergence of 1st Global Age
Two World Wars occurred as well as mass genocide
in several regions.
Era 4 Expanding Hemispheric Interactions
What major event ended WW II?
Important advances were made in technology,
medicine and communications during this era.
Era 3 Classical Traditions and Major Empires
What countries emerged as super-powers?
Era 2 Early Civilizations and Emergence of
Pastoral Peoples
Era 1 Beginnings of Human Society
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GeoHistoGram Activities

• Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram  

The eighth era is The Cold War and Its
Aftermath The 20th Century since 1945
What was the Cold War?
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Era 8 Cold War and Aftermath
Era 7 Global Crisis and Achievement
Era 6 Age of Global Revolutions
The Cold War was a conflict between democracy and
communism.
Era 5 Emergence of 1st Global Age
What two countries were the leaders in this war?
Some hot spots caused mounting tension, and
conflicts in Korea and Vietnam became major
clashes.
Era 4 Expanding Hemispheric Interactions
One of the fears that surfaced was the threat of
nuclear war.
Era 3 Classical Traditions and Major Empires
What event signified the end of the Cold War?
Era 2 Early Civilizations and Emergence of
Pastoral Peoples
Era 1 Beginnings of Human Society
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GeoHistoGram Activities
What might the next era be called? How long will
it last?
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eras of world history
Era 1 The Beginnings of Human Society
(10,000BCE to 4,000 BCE) Era 2 Early
Civilizations and Cultures (4,000 BCE to 1,000
BCE) Era 3 Classical Traditions and Major
Empires (1,000 BCE to 300 CE) Era 4 Expanding
and Intensified Hemispheric Interactions (300 CE
to 1500 AD) Era 5 The Emergence of the First
Global Age (15th through 18th Centuries) Era 6
An Age of Global Revolutions (18th century
through 1917) Era 7 Global Crisis and
Achievement Era 8 The Cold War and its
Aftermath (20th Century) Era 9 The Future
(21st Century)