HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW

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HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW

• DNA, Protein Synthesis, Bacteria and Viruses

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1 Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles

• Which is lytic and which is lysogenic?

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1 Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles

• Which is lytic and which is lysogenic?

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1

• Lytic InfectionVirus injects its DNA into host
  to replicate the virus, kills the host
• EX cold, influenza
• Lysogenic Infection
• Virus DNA becomes part of host DNA and duplicates
  together forever. Goes into lytic bursting when
  conditions poor for host cell.
• EX herpes(cold sores), HIV, chicken pox

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2 Which Scientist(s)

• HINT 1 worked with Neurospora crassa
• HINT 2 worked as a team
• HINT 3 one-gene-one-enzyme or
  one-gene-one-protein
• ANSWER Beadle and Tatum (F)

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2 Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1 worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2 stole the Photo 51
• HINT 3 also got Nobel Prize
• ANSWER Maurice (the beast) Wilkins (G)

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2 Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1 worked with animal sperm
• HINT 2 a hottie
• HINT 3 found A-T and C-G amounts even
• ANSWER Chargaff (D)

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2 Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1 1920s
• HINT 2 worked with Pneumococcus bacteria R and S
  strains
• HINT 3 Found hereditary transformation
• ANSWER Frederick Griffith (B)

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2 Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1 worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2 used x-ray crystallography
  Photo 51
• HINT 3 a woman
• ANSWER Rosalind Franklin (A)

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2 Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1 worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2 first put bases on outside instead of
  inside
• HINT 3 won Nobel prize for finding DNA structure
• ANSWER Watson and Crick (E)

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2 Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1 Found DNA to be the genetic material
• HINT 2 used bacteriophages
• HINT 3used hot sulfur and phosphorus
• ANSWER Hershey and Chase (C)

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2 Which scientist(s)?

• HINT 1 found DNA was genetic material
• HINT 2 separated bacteria into carbos, DNA,
  protein, RNA by a centrifuge
• HINT 3 bald
• ANSWER (H) Avery, MacLeod, McCarty

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3 Name ways RNA is different from DNA

• 1. RNA Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose in
  DNA
• 2. DNA A-T C-G
• RNA A-U C-G
• 3. RNA Single stranded instead of Double in DNA
• 4. RNA can go in and out of nucleus, DNA must
  stay in nucleus
• 5. DNA can repair itself, RNA cannot

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4 What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide?

• ANSWER
• sugar
• Phosphate
• Nitrogenous base
• (remember the song)

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EXTRA What is the complementary side of this DNA
strand? (DNA DNA)

• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G G
• ANSWER
• C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C

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What is the complementary mRNA strand? (DNA
mRNA)

• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G G
• ANSWER
• C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C

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4 Identify the DNA parts
A
B
C
D
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4 Identify the DNA parts
A PHOSPHATE
B Deoxyribose Sugar
C Nitrogenous Bases (A-T-C-G)
D Hydrogen Bond
Nucleotide sugar, phosphate, base
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4 How can you recognize

• Pyrimidines? And what bases?
• One ring
• CUT
• Purines? And what bases?
• Two rings
• AG

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5 Which process?

• Does DNA copy itself?
• ANSWER Replication (A)
• Is the movement of tRNA from A to P site on the
  ribosome?
• ANSWER Translocation (B)

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5 Which process?

• Codes DNA to mRNA?
• ANSWER? Transcription (C)
• Codes mRNA to tRNA and protein?
• ANSWER Translation (D)

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5 What happens at the P A E sites of a ribosome
during translation?

• A amino acid is dropped off
• P polypeptide builds
• E tRNA exits after dropping off amino acid
• Process is translocation (B)

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6 What does it mean for DNA

• To be semi-conservative?
• When it replicates one parental strand and one
  new strand goes to each daughter cell.

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6 What does it mean for DNA

• To be anti-parallel?
• The two strands run side by side in opposite
  directions (one has 5 at top and the other has
  3 at top)

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7 Which enzyme?

• Topoisomerase
• I. Unwinds DNA from its spiral

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7 Which enzyme?

• LIGASE
• A. Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand

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7 Which enzyme?

• PRIMASE
• E. Adds RNA nucleotide primers

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7 Which enzyme?

• DNA Polymerase III
• C. Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and
  also for proofreading

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7 Which enzyme?

• HELICASE
• D. Separates the 2 DNA strands (breaks H bonds
  for replication)

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7 Which enzyme?

• RNA POLYMERASE
• B. Joins RNA nucleotides in making mRNAs

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7 Which enzyme?

• DNA POLYMERASE I
• H. Proofreads, removes RNA primers, and replaces
  them with DNA nucleotides

DNA Polymerase III leading strand
DNA Polymerase I lagging strand
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8 A. Which is a physical or chemical agent that
causes mutations?

• mutagen
• mutagenesis
• mutation
• reading frame
• ANSWER mutagen

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8 B. What mutation

• Is a substitution that causes no change in the
  protein product?
• . nonsense
• . silent
• . missense
• ANSWER silent

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8C. Which is any change in the nucleotide
sequence of DNA?

• Mutagenesis
• Mutation
• mutagen
• reading frame
• ANSWER mutagen

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Uncontrolled HPV infections result in the growth
of scaly macules and papules
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Tree Man Pictures

• Before and After Images Tree Man Discovery
  Health

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8 D. What mutation

• Causes a substitution that does change the amino
  acid coding?
• Missense
• silent
• nonsense
• ANSWER Missense

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8 E. What mutation

• Is a substitution that changes an amino acid into
  a STOP codon?
• A. silent
• B. missense
• C. nonsense
• ANSWER nonsense

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8F Which is the triplet grouping (a mutation
can alter it to shift)

• mutation
• mutagenesis
• mutagen
• reading frame
• ANSWER reading shift

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9 What are some examples of mutagens?
UV Rays
pesticides
X-rays
cigarettes
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10

• How does the leading strand behave differently
  from the lagging strand?
• ANSWER leading strand adds nucleotides 5 to 3
  toward the replication fork continuously
• Lagging strand adds nucleotides 5 to 3 away
  from the replication fork discontinuously (in
  fragments)

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11 What is the central dogma?

• A. DNA RNA protein
• B. protein RNA DNA
• C. DNA protein RNA
• D. RNA protein DNA
• ANSWER A

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11 Who first proposed the central dogma?

• A. Crick
• B. Watson
• C. Nirenberg
• D. Avery
• ANSWER Crick and Nirenberg

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12 What amino acid is mRNA codonUGU AAC UAC
CGU GGG CAC UGG
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12. What amino acid is mRNA codonCystAspar
TyrosArgGlyc-Hist-Trypt
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13 What codon is the START CODON?
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13. What amino acid is START codonAUG
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13 What are the three STOP CODONS?

• ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA
• (you could also figure this out by looking at the
  chart)

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What amino acid is mRNA codonUGG
tryptophan
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13 How many?

• Different amino acids are there?
• ANSWER 20

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14 How many subunits make up a ribosome?

• A. one
• B. two
• C. Three
• D. Four
• ANSWER 2

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Made of rRNA (ribosomal) protein
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15 What are the 3 bases?

• A. Codon
• B. Anticodon
• C. Triplet

• For mRNA
• For tRNA
• For DNA

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What does a tRNA carry?

• A. codon
• B. triplet
• C. amino acid
• D. ribosome
• ANSWER amino acid

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16 What is the purpose of these?

• Introns
• Exons

• Are cut and discarded from the primary mRNA
• Leave the nucleus to be coded with tRNA

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16. What will the mature mRNA look like?
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What will the mRNA look like?
HINT introns discarded exons kept and coded
1
2
3
mature mRNA
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16 Whats the difference?

• Between Primary mRNA and mature mRNA?
• Primary mRNA introns exons
• Mature mRNA only exons

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17 What are the 3 types of RNA?

• a) tRNA (transfer RNA-brings amino acids)
• b) mRNA (messenger RNA-codes from DNA), and
• c) rRNA (ribosomal RNA-structural part of
  ribosome)

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B

• PROCESS
• Transcription
• Translation

E
C
D
F
C
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18 What are the structures?
What bond joins the amino acids?PEPTIDE
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19 What type of mutation is this?

• ORIGINAL AACGTAGG
• MUTATION AAACGTAGG
• ANSWER insertion (A)
• or addition

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19 What type of mutation is this?

• ORIGINAL AACGTAGG
• MUTATION AACGAGG
• ANSWER Deletion (T)

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19 What type of mutation is this?

• ORIGINAL AACGTAGG
• MUTATION AACGGGAT
• ANSWER Inversion (TAGG flipped)

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19 What type of mutation is this?

• ORIGINAL 2 chromosomes
• AACGTAGG
• ATCGGGTCGGA
• MUTATION AACGTATCGGG
• TCGGAAGG
• ANSWER Translocation (two nonhomologous
  chromosomes exchanged)

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19

• Which are frameshift mutations?
• ALL moved the bases up or back

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20 Matching

• A. Transcription terminator
• B. transcription promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation elongation
• F.translation termination

• RNA polymerase reaches bases that signals the end
  of the gene and releases to leave the nucleus
• ANSWER A

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20 Matching

• A. Transcription terminator
• B. transcription promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation elongation
• F.translation termination

• Ribosome recognizes a STOP codon and releases the
  polypeptide
• ANSWER F

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20 Matching

• A. Transcription terminator
• B. transcription promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation elongation
• F.translation termination

• Successive tRNAs add their amino acids to the
  polypeptide chain at the ribosome
• ANSWER E

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20 Matching

• A. Transcription terminator
• B. transcription promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation elongation
• F.translation termination

• Cutting and pasting of the exons and introns to
  form a mature mRNA
• ANSWER C

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20 Matching

• A. Transcription terminator
• B. transcription promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation elongation
• F.translation termination

• The start transcribing signal in a nucleotide
  sequence binding site for RNA polymerase
• ANSWER B

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20 Matching

• A. Transcription terminator
• B. transcription promotor
• C. RNA splicing
• D. translation initiation
• E. Translation elongation
• F.translation termination

• The mRNA and the first tRNA and the ribosomal
  unit come together
• ANSWER D

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21 MATCH

• A. Viroids
• B. Virions
• C. Prions
• D. emerging virus
• E. capsid

• Misfolded proteins that destroy the brain (one
  cause is Mad Cow Disease)
• ANSWER C

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21 MATCH

• A. Viroids
• B. Virions
• C. Prions
• D. emerging virus
• E. capsid

• Small circular RNA molecules that infect plants
• ANSWER A

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21 MATCH

• A. Viroids
• B. Virions
• C. Prions
• D. emerging virus
• E. capsid

• Outer protein coat of a virus
• ANSWER E

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21 MATCH

• A. Viroids
• B. Virions
• C. Prions
• D. emerging virus
• E. capsid

• Suddenly appears or is new virus
• ANSWER E

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21 MATCH

• A. Viroids
• B. Virions
• C. Prions
• D. emerging virus
• E. capsid

• Pieces of the virus
• ANSWER E

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22 What is a retrovirus?

• Transcribes from RNA to DNA
• Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that
  synthesizes DNA from RNA

• The virus that causes AIDS is HIV

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23 What are the APE sites?
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• A- amino acid attaches to the ribosome
• P- polypeptide forms as the amino acids join
• E- polypeptide exits the ribosome

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• Uptake of foreign DNA from the surrounding
  environment
• Transformation
• Circular DNA in bacteria separate from its other
  DNA
• plasmid

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• Physical union of two bacterial cells in which
  DNA transfers
• Conjugation
• Transfer of bacterial genes by a phage
• transduction

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• Carries genes for sex pili and its origin or
  replication
• F factor
• Caries genes that destroy antibiotics
• R plasmid

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