Title: Lecture 1a Causes of World War II From a World Perspective
1Lecture 1a Causes of World War II From a
World Perspective
- (A review of Last Years History)
2Harsh Punishment of Germany
- German Surrender Terms ? The Treaty of Versailles
- required to admit total blame for starting WWI
- To pay for the total cost of WWI, including homes
and factories destroyed ammunition uniforms
and pensions for Allied soldiers. When the treaty
was signed, estimates for reparations were as
high as 30 billion (1918 dollars) - limit the size of their army and turn their naval
fleet over to the Allies. - Germany lost all of its colonies and even some of
its border lands
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4Other Territorial Changes
- Austria-Hungary, Germanys chief ally in WWI,
was divided into four independent nations
Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia - Five other independent nations were established
along Germanys border with the Soviet Union to
prevent the spread of communism Poland, Finland,
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania - Everyone (WWI allies and WWI Central Powers) was
freaked out by Communism, which called for an end
to private wealth
5Before WWI
After WWI
6International Organizations Established
- Two international peacekeeping organizations
were established by the treaty the League of
Nations and the World Court. - League member countries were obligated to assist
one another in stopping international aggression.
- The World Court was set up to mediate disputes
between countries.
7The Harshness of the Treaty of Versailles
Embittered European Relations for a Generation
- In 1923 France invaded part of Germany to force
payment of reparations - In 1932 Germany turned to Hitler and the Nazi
party based on the partys promise to violate the
terms of the Treaty of Versailles and to return
honor to Germany - In the mid 30s Hitler began to act on his
aggressive promises - Remilitarized
- Invaded Austria and then other countries
- Mussolini, the Italian dictator who Hitlers
modeled himself on, became the follower, copying
Hitlers aggressive policies - Attacked Ethiopia
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9Totalitarianism ? Fascism v Communism
- Totalitarianism
- A government that seeks total control over all
aspects of life - Uses technology to ensure this
- Has a great and radical goal for the country
- Fascist Totalitarianism v Communism
Totalitarianism - Fascist
- Germany and Italy
- Based on superiority of nation and race
- Goal ? purify race and expand
- Communist
- Russian/Soviet
- Based on the superiority of the working class
- Goal ? destroy class and expand
- In practice, the societies created by each were
similar - Propaganda and censorship
- Dictatorship
- Aggressiveness
- No natural rights
10Lecture 1b Causes of World War II From a U.S.
Perspective
11U.S. Reaction to Treaty of Versailles
12America Returns to Isolationism
- Do we remember why?
- Congress feared losing its power to declare war
to the League of Nations. - Americans feared being pulled into another
European/World War.
13Trouble Brewed in Europe, Especially in the 30s,
but the U.S. mostly ignored it
14Why Ignore the Rise of Fascism in Europe?
- In the 1930s, the U.S. had a few other issues
going on - GREAT DEPRESSION!!!
- Dust bowl
- Fight over New Deal
- Etc.
15Without the Aid of the U.S., the WWI allies
(Britain and France) followed a policy of
Appeasement
- Appeasement- giving in to a bully to avoid a
fight - Dont forget, the Great Depression had spread to
England and France, too
16The U.S. Could Not Stay Completely Isolated ?
Growing Troubles with Japan
- Japan was the most advanced non-western (think
non-European or non-white) nation in the
world - They were growing tired of being mistreated by
the west - Example ? no racial equality clause in Treaty of
Versailles - Japan dreamed of building a Pacific Empire to
become a first rate power - The U.S. viewed the Pacific as their Sphere of
Influence (think ? Open Door Policy) - Japan, inspired by the boldness and successes of
the Germans and Italians, shifted towards
Totalitarianism/ Fascism
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18Causes of WWII
What were the causes of WWII?
Treaty of Versailles
Aggression
Appeasement
19German bitterness over the loss of WWI and the
harsh punishments of the treaty
Treaty of Versailles
Aggression
Totalitarian leaders tried to deal with the
problems of the 1920s and 1930s by seeking
conquest and revenge
Appeasement
Democratic nations decided not to challenge
Totalitarian Aggression, hoping to deal with
other problems and avoid another terrible world
war.
20Hansen Name ___________________U.S.
History Period __________________ Causes
of World War II
- Lecture 1a ? From a World Perspective
- ___________ of Germany
- German Surrender Terms ? The Treaty of Versailles
- required to admit total __________________________
- To _______________________ , including homes and
factories destroyed ammunition uniforms and
pensions for Allied soldiers. When the treaty was
signed, estimates for ___________ were as high as
_____________ (1918 dollars) - ____________________________________________
____________________________________________ - Germany lost all of its colonies and even
___________ ______________________________________
______ - Other Territorial Changes
- _____________________ , Germanys chief ally in
WWI, was divided into four independent nations
Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and
________________________ - Five other independent nations were established
along Germanys border ___________________________
____ to prevent __________________________________
__ Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and
Lithuania - Everyone (__________ and ____________________)
was freaked out by Communism, which called for
____ ____________________________________________ - International Organizations Established
- Two international ________________________________
___ by the treaty the League of Nations and the
World Court. - League member countries were ____________________
___ ______________________________________________
___. - The World Court was set up ______________________
__ between countries. - The Harshness of the Treaty of Versailles
Embittered European Relations for a Generation - In 1923 France ___________________________________
_ ________________________________________________
_ - In 1932 Germany turned to ________________________
___ on the partys promise to ____________________
_ of the Treaty of Versailles and
____________________ to Germany - In the mid 30s Hitler began to act on his
aggressive promises
- Mussolini, the Italian dictator who Hitlers
modeled himself on, ______________________________
____ ___________________________________________ - Attacked _______________
- Totalitarianism ? Communism v Fascism
- Totalitarianism
- A government that seeks __________________
_________________________________________ - Uses technology to ensure this
- Has a great and radical ______________________
- Fascist Totalitarianism v Communism
Totalitarianism - Fascist
- _________________________________
- Based on superiority of ________________
- Goal ? ____________________________
- Communist
- ________________________________
- Based on the superiority of _____________
___________________________________ - Goal ? ____________________________
- In practice, the societies created by each were
similar - _________________________________
- Dictatorship
21- Without the Aid of the U.S., the WWI allies
(Britain and France) followed a policy of
Appeasement - Appeasement- ____________________________________
________________________________________________ - Dont forget, the Great Depression had
________________ _________________________________
_______________ - The U.S. Could Not Stay Completely Isolated ?
______________ ________________________ - Japan was the _________________________________
(think non-European or non-white)
___________________ - They were growing tired of being
______________________ - Example ? ________________________________ in
Treaty of Versailles - Japan dreamed of building a ______________________
____ _____________________________________________
____ - The U.S. viewed the Pacific as their
__________________ ______________ (think ?
__________________________) - Japan, inspired by the ___________________________
____ _____________________ , shifted towards
______________ _______________________________ - Causes of World War II
- Treaty of Versailles - ___________________________
__________ _______________________________________
__________ - Aggression - _____________________________________
______ ___________________________________________
______ - Appeasement - ____________________________________
______ ___________________________________________
______