Matter Kinetic Theory Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

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MatterKinetic TheorySolidLiquidGasPlasma
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Matter
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Matter

• Anything that has mass and occupies space
• The materials or stuff that all objects and
  substances in the universe are made of
• 4 States of Matter Solid, liquid, gas, and
  plasma

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Matter

• Because all matter takes up space (has volume)
  and contains a certain amount of material (has
  mass), all matter can be detected and measured

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Examples of Matter

• Rocks, water, trees, bicycles, lighting, animals,
  stars, smoke, are all easily seen and observed
• Dust mites that live in your furniture and rugs
  you may need a microscope to view
• Air maybe invisible but we can feel it when the
  wind blows and see it bend the branches of trees
  (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, CO2)

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What is not matter?

• Light
• Sound
• Gravity
• Friction

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Part (a)
What is Matter made up of?
Matter is made up of ATOMS! Atoms are little bits
too small for us to see. They are so tiny you
cant break them down further.
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Matter

• Atoms are the building blocks of matter
• The elements in our periodic table make up all
  matter

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Kinetic Theory
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Kinetic Theory

• All matter consists of tiny particles that are
  in constant motion.

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Kinetic Theory
1. All matter is composed of small particles
(atoms, molecules, or ions). There is an
attractive force between them. 2. They are in
constant, random motion. The particles may
collide with one another or the sides of their
container.
3. As the temperature increases the speed of the
particles increases. As the temperature decreases
the speed of the particles decreases.
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Solid
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SOLIDS

• State of matter that has a definite shape and a
  definite volume.
• Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating
  about a fixed position.
• Particles are strongly attracted to each other

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Part (b)
SOLID
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Examples of Solids
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Liquid
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LIQUID

• A state of matter that has a definite volume but
  takes the shape of its container
• Liquids do not have a definite shape
• Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are
  far enough apart to slide over one another,
  allowing it to flow

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Liquid
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Examples of Liquid
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Gas
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GAS

• A state of matter that has no definite shape and
  no definite volume expands to fill the shape of
  its container
• Particles of gases are very far apart and move
  freely.
• Attractive forces are very weak
• Contain mostly empty space because the
  particles are so far apart
• Particles spread throughout a given volume
  until distributed equally diffusion

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Gas vs. Vapor

• Gas a substance that is naturally in the
  gaseous state at room temperature
• EXAMPLE Helium

• Vapor the gaseous state of a substance that is
  a solid or liquid at room temperature
• EXAMPLE Steam

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Examples of Gas
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Plasma
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PLASMA

• A state of matter that does not have a definite
  shape or volume and whose particles have broken
  apart
• Consists of and charged particles (electrons
  are knocked off due to collisions)
• A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity
  and is affected by magnetic fields.

• Plasma is the most common state of matter in the
  universe

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Some places where plasmas are found
1. Flames
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2. Lightning
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3. Aurora (Northern Lights)
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Neon Sign
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The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma
state
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STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
PLASMA
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but
do not move from place to place, definite shape
and volume
Close together with no regular arrangement. Move
about, flow and slide past each other. Definite
volume, no definite shape takes shape of its
container.
Well separated with no regular arrangement. Move
freely at high speeds. No definite shape or
volume. Easily compressible.
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed
of electrical charged particles
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STATES OF MATTER
LIQUID
PLASMA
SOLID
GAS
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but
do not move from place to place
Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrat
e, move about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrat
e and move freely at high speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed
of electrical charged particles
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Phase Change
A transition of matter from one state to another.
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Some phase changes are more common and easier for
us to visualize. For example, you have probably
witnessed freezing, melting, and vaporization
just by making ice, melting ice, and boiling
water.
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Condensation often occurs on the outside of cold
beverage containers. This is when the humid air
changes directly to a liquid on the surface of
the container.
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SublimationDry ice is actually solid carbon
dioxide. When it sits in the open or is placed in
water it rapidly changes directly from solid to
gas creating a foggy cloud.
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DepositionFrozen patterns of ice on your car
windshield is an example. Deposition involves a
gas changing to a solid. This occurs during
winter months when the humid air directly freezes
into solid ice.
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Ionization and recombination do not occur often
around us. These processes involve high energy
matter found in lightning and stars changing from
one form to another.
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States of Matter

• Characteristics
• . Definite shape and volume
• . Particles tightly packed
• . Particles vibrate
• 4. Particles strongly attracted to each other

• Characteristics
• . Definite volume
• . No definite shape, takes shape of container
• . Particles close together but move or flow, by
  sliding over each other
• 4. Attractive forces between particles are weaker

Examples 1. rock 2. book 3. ice
Examples 1. water 2. soda 3. milk
Solid
Liquid

• Characteristics
• . No definite shape or volume
• . Particles are so far apart they are no longer
  touching
• . Diffusion
• 4. Attractive forces between particles is very
  weak
• 5. Easily compressable

Plasma
Gas

• Characteristics
• . No definite shape or volume
• . Consists of and charged particles
• . Occurs at high temperatures, particles moving
  very fast
• 4. Most common state of matter in the universe

Examples 1. Lighting 2. stars 3. Neon signs
Examples 1. Oxygen 2. Nitrogen 3. CO2
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  Shape Volume Compressibility
Solid   Definite   Definite   Not Easily
Liquid   No Definite   Definite   Not Easily
Gas  No Definite   No Definite    Easily
Plasma   No Definite No Definite    Easily
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  Arrangement of particles Distance between particles Motion of particles Force between particles
  Solid   Regular or orderly arrangement   Tightly packed   Vibrate around fixed point   Strong attraction
  Liquid   No regular arrangement Close together  Slow movement, flows, slide over one another  Moderate attraction 
  Gas   No regular arrangement   Far apart   Fast movement   Very weak attraction
  Plasma   No regular arrangement   Far apart, electrons have been knocked off   Very fast movement   Very weak attraction
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