Chapter 4: Mental Disorders and Suicide

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Chapter 4Mental Disorders and Suicide

• What Are Mental Disorders?
• Kinds of Mental Disorders
• Suicide
• Treating Mental Disorders

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What Are Mental Disorders?Recognizing Mental
Disorders

• MENTAL DISORDER an illness that affects the mind
  and prevents a person from being productive,
  adjusting to life situations, or getting along
  with others.
• Characterized by abnormal
• Thoughts
• Feelings
• or behaviors that make people uncomfortable with
  themselves or at odds with others.

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Disorders we will cover

• Anxiety Disorders
• Affective Disorders
• Eating Disorders
• STIGMA

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Statistics

• An estimated 26.2 percent of Americans ages 18
  and older about one in four adults suffer
  from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given
  year 57.7 million people
• About 20 percent of children are estimated to
  have mental disorders

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What Are Mental Disorders?Recognizing Mental
Disorders

• Signs of a mental disorder usually occur
  frequently and over a long period of time
• Signs are not always easy to identify
• What is normal behavior in one culture may not be
  in another
• There are more than 230 types of mental disorders
  which are recognized

• 1 in 10 children in the US suffer from a mental
  disorder severe enough to cause some level of
  impairment
• Children are defined as those under the age of 18

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Kinds of Mental DisordersAnxiety Disorders

• ANXIETY is a feeling of fear that is not
  directed toward any definite threat.
• Generalized ANXIETY DISODER
• is a diagnosis given to people
• whose worries have taken
• on a life of their own.
• -The topics of worrying
• are ordinary concerns
• will I be able to pass the exam next week?,
• Is my boyfriend/girlfriend really interested in
  me?

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ANXIETY DISODERS

• is a condition in which real or imagined fears
  are difficult to control.
• Characterized by chronic fear
• People with this disorder often arrange their
  lives to avoid situations that make them feel
  anxious or fearful.
• There are four main types of anxiety disorders
• 1. Phobic Disorder
• 2. Panic Disorder
• 3. Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder
• 4. Post Traumatic stress disorder

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Kinds of Mental DisordersAnxiety Disorders

• 1. Phobic Disorder
• PHOBIA Anxiety related to a specific situation
  or object heights, social, spiders, etc.
• How might fears affect normal living?

• 2. Panic Disorder
• Has an unexplained feeling of terror feelings
  accompanied by symptoms such as trembling,
  pounding heart, shortness of breath, dizziness.
• This fear gets in the way of a persons ability
  to enjoy life
• Could lead to a person becoming housebound
  agoraphobia a fear of being alone away from
  help and avoidance of many different places and
  situations.

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COMMON PHOBIAS

• Heights
• Open or public places
• Pain
• Stars/Space
• Small Spaces
• Dogs
• Water
• Being Alone
• Dark/Night
• Snakes
• Death and dying
• Strangers
• Animals
• Needles

• Acrohobia
• Agoraphobia
• Algophobia
• Astrophobia
• Claustrophobia
• Cynophobia
• Hydrophobia
• Monophobia
• Nyctophobia
• Ophidophobia
• Thanatophobia
• Xenophobia
• Zoophobia
• Belonephobia

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Anxiety Disorders

• 3. Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder
• OBSESSION an idea or thought that takes over the
  mind and cannot be forgotten
• COMPULSION repeated, irresistible behaviors
• Repetitive behaviors such as
• Hand washing, counting, cleaning

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Types of Anxiety Disorders

• 4. Post Traumatic stress disorder -
• a condition that may result after exposure to
  a terrifying event that threatened or caused
  physical harm.
• The disorder is common after a personal assault
  rape, bombings, earthquakes, plane crashes,
  military combat.
• Symptoms flashbacks, nightmares, emotional
  numbness, guilt, sleeplessness

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Lifetime Prevelance of Selected Psychological Disorders Among Americans Lifetime Prevelance of Selected Psychological Disorders Among Americans Lifetime Prevelance of Selected Psychological Disorders Among Americans
Disorder Men () Women ()
Anxiety Disorders Simple Phobia 6.7 15.7
Social Phobia 11.1 15.5
Panic Disorder 2.0 5.0
GAD 3.6 6.6
OCD 1.7 2.8
PTSD 5.0 10.4
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Kinds of Mental DisordersAffective Disorders

• AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
• A mental disorder in which a persons moods or
  emotions become extreme and interfere with daily
  life.
• It is normal to feel depressed if you experience
  an important loss or failure
• The feeling usually lifts after a couple of days
  or weeks and you can get on with your life

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Kinds of Mental DisordersAffective Disorders

• CLINICAL DEPRESSION A mental disorder in which
  a person is overwhelmed by sad feelings for
  months and stops being able to carry out everyday
  activities
• Can be caused by stressors
• Negative attitudes learned early in life may also
  contribute
• Anyone who shows signs of clinical depression
  should seek help from a parent, teacher, guidance
  counselor, physician, or mental health
  professional.

• Signs of Clinical Depression
• Change in appetite
• With weight loss or gain
• Change in sleep patterns
• Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much
• Change in activity level
• Increased or slowed- down
• Loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities
• Loss of energy, feeling tired all the time
• Difficulty thinking or concentrating
• Recurrent thought of death and suicide

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Kinds of Mental DisordersAffective Disorders

• Bi - Polar
• Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness.
  People who have it experience dramatic mood
  swings. They may go from overly energetic, "high"
  and/or irritable, to sad and hopeless, and then
  back again. They often have normal moods in
  between. The up feeling is called mania. The down
  feeling is depression.
• During a manic episode
• Overly excited
• Restless
• Rapid talking which is impossible to follow
• Difficulty concentrating
• Show poor judgment
• May over spend on a shopping spree
• May drive recklessly
• Manic episodes alternate with periods of deep
  depression
• May behave normally between periods of extreme
  moods

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• Schizophrenia is a severe, lifelong brain
  disorder. People who have it may hear voices, see
  things that aren't there or believe that others
  are reading or controlling their minds. In men,
  symptoms usually start in the late teens and
  early 20s. They include hallucinations, or seeing
  things, and delusions such as hearing voices. For
  women, they start in the mid-20s to early 30s.
  Other symptoms include
• Unusual thoughts or perceptions
• Disorders of movement
• Difficulty speaking and expressing emotion
• Problems with attention, memory and organization

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Eating Disorders

• Eating disorders are present when a person
  experiences severe disturbances in eating
  behavior, such as extreme reduction of food
  intake or extreme overeating, feelings of extreme
  distress, or concern about body weight or shape.
• Psychological pressures, possible genetic
  factors, and an obsession with body image and
  thinness can lead to an eating disorder.

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Eating Disorders

• The main types of eating disorders are
• Anorexia nervosa
• Bulimia nervosa
• Binge-eating disorder

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ANOREXIA NERVOSA

• A serious eating disorder in which a person
  refuses to eat enough food to maintain a minimum
  normal body weight
• http//www.facetheissue.com/anorexia.html
• Some people with anorexia lose weight by dieting
  and exercising excessively others lose weight by
  misusing laxatives

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ANOREXIA NERVOSA

• Symptoms
• Extreme loss of body weight
• Intense fear of gaining weight (even when
  underweight)
• Denial of the seriousness of low body weight
• Infrequent or absent menstrual periods (women)
• Avoiding meals
• Intense or excessive exercise as another means of
  controlling weight

• Slowed heart and breathing rates
• Lowered body temperature
• Dry skin
• Brittle hair and nails
• In some cases, a lack of essential minerals may
  cause the heart to stop suddenly, leading to
  death

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Most models are thinner than 98 of American women
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Anorexia Nervosa

• Statistics
• An estimated .5 to 3.7 of females suffer from
  anorexia in their lifetime
• An estimated 5-15 of people with anorexia are
  males

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TREATING ANOREXIA

• Involves three components
• restoring the person to a healthy weight
• treating the psychological issues related to the
  eating disorder
• reducing or eliminating behaviors or thoughts
  that lead to disordered eating, and preventing
  relapse.

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Eating Disorders- Bulimia

• BULIMIA A serious eating disorder in which
  alternates eating binges with purging
• Bulimia is MORE prevalent than Anorexia
• Difficult to diagnose
• Public behavior appears normal
• Bulimic behavior occurs in private
• Most Bulimics do not become dangerously
  underweight

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Eating Disorders- Bulimia

• Serious health effects
• Dehydration and kidney failure
• chronically inflamed and sore throat
• Enamel on teeth erodes
• Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
• intestinal distress and irritation from laxative
  abuse

• Symptoms
• Eating uncontrollably
• Using the bathroom frequently after meals
• Bloodshot eyes
• Sore throat
• Weakness/ exhaustion
• Vomiting blood
• Depression/ Mood swings
• Heartburn, bloating, indigestion, constipation

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Eating Disorders- Bulimia

• Enamel erosion of all teeth
• Increased occurrence of cavities
• Braces and restorations may not stay on teeth

• Teeth become discolored
• Bleeding of the gums
• Physical changes in the mouth are often the 1st
  signs of an eating disorder

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Statistics on Eating Disorders

• The Desire to be Thin
• 42 of 1st grade girls want to be thinner
• 81 of 10 year olds are afraid of being fat
• The avg. American woman is 54 and 140lbs.
• The avg. American model is 511 and 117 lbs.

• Dieting
• 51 of 9 and 10 year old girls feel better about
  themselves if they are on a diet
• 95 of all dieters regain the lost weight in 1-5
  years
• Americans spend over 40 billion on dieting and
  diet products every year

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Warning Signs to look for

• If you notice a family member or friend with the
  following symptoms consider talking to him or her
  about these issues with compassion
• low self-esteem
• severe dieting
• frequent overeating
• hoarding of food
• dissatisfaction with appearance

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What to do about a friend that has an Eating
Disorder

• If You Have An Eating Disorder
• Tell someone you trust
• You will need support
• It is an addiction
• If You Do Not Get Help
• Death from malnutrition
• Dangerous heart rhythms
• Dental Problems
• Liver failure
• Hair loss

• Worried about a Friend?
• Express your concern in a loving and supportive
  way
• Tell someone
• Avoid giving simple solutions
• Express your CONTINUED support

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Body dysmorphic disorder

• A type of chronic mental illness in which you
  can't stop thinking about a flaw with your
  appearance a flaw either that is minor or that
  you imagine.
• When you have body dysmorphic disorder, you
  intensely obsess over your appearance and body
  image, often for many hours a day. You may seek
  out numerous cosmetic procedures to try to "fix"
  your perceived flaws but never are satisfied.

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For Additional Information

• National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA)
• www.nationaleatingdisorders.org
• American Dietetic Association (ADA)
• www.eatright.org
• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
• www.nimh.nih.gov
• Teen Health
• www.teenshealth.org

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SuicideMyths and Facts

• People who talk about suicide rarely attempt it
• (False!)
• The tendency toward suicide is inherited and
  passed from generation to generation.
• (False)
• The suicidal person wants to die and feels that
  there is no turning back.
• (False)

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• All suicidal people are deeply depressed.
• (False)
• There is no correlation between alcoholism and
  suicide
• (FALSE!!!)
• Suicidal people are mentally ill.
• (FALSE!!!)
• Once someone attempts suicide, that person will
  always entertain thoughts of suicide.
• (FALSE)

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SuicideMyths and Facts

• If you ask someone about their suicidal
  intentions, you will only encourage them to kill
  themselves.
• (False)
• Suicide is quite common among the lower class.
• (False)
• Suicidal people rarely seek medical attention.
• (False)

• Suicide is limited to young people.
• (False)
• Professional people do not kill themselves.
• (False)
• When a depression lifts, there is no longer any
  danger of suicide.
• (False)
• Suicide is a spontaneous activity that occurs
  without warning.
• (False)
• Because it includes the Christmas season,
  December has a high suicide rate.
• (False)

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SuicideThe Warning Signs

• Same signs as depression
• Loss of energy
• Change in sleep patterns
• Withdrawal from usual activities
• Radical changes in personality
• Outgoing becomes withdrawn
• Shy person becomes aggressive
• Severe depression
• Actions
• Stops doing things he/ she enjoys
• Gives away belongings
• Decline in school performance

• Things a person says
• I dont want to live anymore.
• Theyll be sorry when Im gone.
• Suffered a major trauma
• Moving to a new place
• Losing boyfriend/ girlfriend
• Friend/ family member dies
• Going through family divorce
• Signs can be deceptive
• Someone who has been severely depressed suddenly
  becomes happy and carefree
• May think person is better and over the
  depression
• Why might they really be happy?

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SuicideStatistics

• In 2006, U.S.A. suicides accounted for 33,000
  deaths
• Who dies from suicide more often, men or women?
• More men than women die from suicide
• Gender ratio is 41 (4 times more men than women
  die from suicide)
• 73 of all suicides are white males
• 80 of all firearm suicides are white males
• What is the 3rd leading cause of death among
  people aged 15- 24
• Suicide

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SuicideHow to Help a Suicidal Person

• DO
• Trust your feelings if you believe the person is
  suicidal
• Take seriously a suicidal persons threats
• Tell the suicidal person how concerned you are
  and how much you care about him/ her
• Talk calmly with the suicidal person show
  interest and compassion
• Find professional help for the suicidal person
• Stay with the suicidal person until help arrives

• DO NOT
• Dare the suicidal person to go ahead and make the
  attempt
• Judge the suicidal person
• Analyze the suicidal persons motives
• Argue or try to convince the suicidal person of
  reasons why he/ she should not attempt suicide
• Keep the suicidal persons self- destructive
  thoughts or actions a secret
• Leave a suicidal person alone

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SuicideHelping Yourself

• If you have been feeling depressed, remember that
  no matter how overwhelming the problems in life
  may seem, SUICIDE IS NEVER A SOLUTION.
• Knowing some specific symptoms of mental
  disorders can help a person determine if he or
  she should seek help
• - you feel trapped with no way out you worry
  all of the time
• - your feelings affect your sleep, eating
  habits, school work, or relationships
• - Your family and friends express concern about
  your behavior aggressive, violent, reckless
• - you are becoming involved with alcohol/drugs

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Treating Mental Disorders

• Most people wait too long to seek help
• Where to find help
• Often, a parent, relative, teacher, school
  counselor, physician, or religious leader can
  tell you about mental health professionals and
  services in your community.
• There are different type of mental health
  professionals that are capable of different
  treatment methods. They may include counseling
  as well as a drug treatment plan.
• Asking for help is not a sign of weakness it is
  a sign of strength as it shows responsibility for
  ones own wellness.
• http//www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/suicid
  e-in-the-us-statistics-and-prevention/index.shtml

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Suicide Fact or Myth

• People who really intend to commit suicide do not
  let anyone know about it. ________
• Suicide is proof of mental illness.____________
• People who really want to commit suicide will do
  it regardless of any attempts to prevent
  them.__________
• People who made a suicide attempt but survived
  did not really intend to die.__________________
• http//dhhs.nv.gov/Suicide/DOCS/StatisticsResearch
  /AllStateSuicideRankings/200420Final20Data.pdf
• http//www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/suicid
  e-in-the-us-statistics-and-prevention/index.shtml

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