Who%20says%20political%20geography%20is%20not%20important?

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Who says political geography is not important?
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Political Geography

• Nations, States and Stateless Nations
• 4 Pillars of a state
• Stateless Nations
• Are there any real Nation-States?
• What about states like Arkansas?
• Peace of Westphalia
• Mini-states and micro-states

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Why will it be hard to ever have a Kurdistan?
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Most modern-day boundaries were drawn by whom?

• Conference of Berlin Balfour Declaration

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http//www.globalhumandynamics.com/africahr.jpg
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Tribal/ethnolinguistic political boundaries
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Borders do matter even between friendly
neighborsRellmann, Getis and Getis 6th
Edition, page 462
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All Roads Lead to ParisMurphy, A. B.
Jordan-Bychkov, Terry G. and Jordan, Bella
Bychdova.  The European Culture Area A
Systematic Geography, 5th ed. (Lanham, MD and
Boulder, CO Rowman Littlefield, 2009), p. 168
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Just how powerful are territorial claims and
disputes?

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_territorial_d
  isputes

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Irredentism unredeemed territoryBolivian
irredentism over territorial losses in the War of
the Pacific with Chile (1879-1884). "What once
was ours, will be ours once again", and "Hold
fast rotos (Chileans), for here come the
Colorados of Boliviahttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/Irredentism
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Constitutional Territorial Claims of the Republic
of China (Taiwan)http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil
eROC_Administrative_and_Claims.svg
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Chinas claims in the South China
Seahttp//chinadigitaltimes.net/china/south-china
-sea-islands/
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http//printable-maps.blogspot.com/2009_11_01_arc
hive.html
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Colonialism

• Claiming of territory and establishment,
  exploitation, maintenance, acquisition of
  territory by people from another state.
• State claims sovereignty over all social,
  government and economic structures
• Unequal relationship
• English/French vs Portuguese/Dutch colonialism
• Neocolonialism

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ImperialismJohnston, Ronald John (2000). The
Dictionary of Human Geography (4th ed.).
Wiley-Blackwell. p. 375.

• Imperialism - creation and/or maintenance of an
  unequal economic, cultural, and territorial
  relationship, usually between states and often in
  the form of an empire, based on domination and
  subordination that employs and expansionist,
  mercantilist policies

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Mercantilismhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercanti
lism

• Building a network of overseas colonies
• Forbidding colonies to trade with other nations
• Monopolizing markets with exclusive rights to
  markets
• Banning the export of gold and silver, even for
  payments
• Forbidding trade to be carried in foreign ships
• Export subsidies
• Promoting manufacturing with research or direct
  subsidies
• Limiting wages
• Maximizing the use of domestic resources
• Restricting domestic consumption

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The sun never sets on the British
Empirehttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileThe_Briti
sh_Empire.png
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Berlin Conferencehttp//westernciv2.umwblogs.org/
2010/09/23/scramble-for-africa/
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Jammu and KashmirIndia vs Pakistan
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Forward Capitalmoving capital to a forward
place to make a statement of intention present
or futurehttp//www.altiusdirectory.com/Travel/pa
kistan-maps-pictures.php http//www.infoplease.c
om/atlas/country/brazil.html
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Even Antarctica is claimed
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TheocracyState ruled by religious leaders and
holy textshttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theocracy

• Yemen, Afghanistan, Oman, Iran, Somalia, Sudan,
  Saudi Arabia, Mauritania, Vatican, Central
  Tibetan Administration
•  Iran has the most characteristics of a true
  theocracy as their leaders are considered to be
  divinely guided
• Saudi Arabia has a monarchy, but follows strict
  Sharia Law
• Nigeria Sharia may be used, but non-Muslims do
  not have to use it in Court

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Political Boundaries can be very importantand
amusing

• http//www.youtube.com/user/CGPGrey

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Territory

• States cannot exist without territory
• Territorial Morphology geographers study the
  size, shape and relative location of states?
• How does the size and shape of a state give
  advantages or disadvantages?
• 5 types of territorial morphologies

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COMPACTWhat are the advantages disadvantages?
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FRAGMENTEDWhat are the advantages
disadvantages?

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ELONGATEDWhat are the advantages disadvantages?
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PRORUPT or PROTRUDEDWhat are the advantages
disadvantages?

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PERFORATEDWhat are the advantages
disadvantages?
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What territorial morphology is ITALY?
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Exclaves Enclaves

• Exclave bounded (non-island) piece of territory
  that is part of a state but lies separated from
  it by territory of another state.
• Enclave piece of territory that is surrounded
  by another political unit of which it is not a
  part (landlocked within the country which
  surrounds them.
• See page 211 in your text
• To understand, it is all about perspective

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Google Azerbaijan and Armenia maps and look
what you get
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Talk about a strangely shaped states
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Shape is not a constant for political/economic
stability or instability

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Resource richbut with many problems

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Very few natural resourcesbut wealthy and stable
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LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES

• Isolation
• At the mercy of neighbors
• Need communication linkages (highways, airports,
  rivers, etc.)
• Have formed alliances with other countries to
  lessen isolation
• Only Liechtenstein Uzbekistan are landlocked
  surrounded by landlocked countries

                                                
                                                  
                    
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BOUNDARIES

• Obviously mark the land surface
• Turn to page 243-245 in your text
• But, they also extend into airspace and the
  ground
• What about natural resources?
• What about air traffic?
• What about sea traffic?

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Setting BoundariesStage One

• DEFINITION defines exact location established
  through legal agreement, treaty, etc. Can
  describe terrain feature or be measured by
  longitude and latitude.

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Setting BoundariesStage Two

• DELIMITATION putting the boundary on a map
  officially.

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Setting BoundariesStage Three

• DEMARCATION The final stage. Marking a
  boundary with fences, walls, posts, pillars, or
  other markers. Most of the worlds boundaries
  are not demarcated.

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Copy this into your notebook where you have room
near Chapter 8 journals.Four Types of Boundary
Disputes

• Definitional center on legal issues
• Locational definitions not disputed the
  interpretation is
• Operational parties differ on how boundary
  should function (how migration should occur)
• Allocational conflict over stuff oil, gas,
  seafloor riches, water

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FORMER YUGOSLAVIAhttp//www.montenet.org/home/yug
oslav.jpg

• Shatterbelt
• Irredentism
• Crossroads of History
• Josip Broz Marshal Tito
• Post WWII
• Ethnic Cleansing
• War

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FEDERAL STATES

• Political framework where the central government
  represents its political sub-units where they
  have common interests defense, foreign affairs,
  etc.
• But these sub-units retain their own identities,
  laws, policies, customs, etc.
• Accommodates regional differences and enables
  diversity and unity to coexist

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FEDERAL STATES

• Geographer K.W. Robinson said, The federal state
  is the most expressive of all political systems.
• What did he mean by this?

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UNITARY STATES

• State which has a centralized government that
  exercises power equally over all parts of the
  state.
• Highly centralized
• Political sub-units not as important
• Appeasing minorities maybe not important
• Government frameworks are set up to reinforce the
  central governments power

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Unitary States of the World in blue Federal
States in gray http//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/I
mageUnitary_states.png