GLOBAL%20WARMING%20AND%20ITS%20IMPLICATION%20TOWARD%20URBAN%20SPACE%20IN%20INDONESIA

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GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS IMPLICATION TOWARD URBAN
SPACE IN INDONESIA
Amiluhur Soeroso Researcher at PUSTRAL Gadjah
Mada University amisoeroso_at_gmail.com
Workshop Mapping Causal Complexity in Climate
Change Impacts and Adaptation Melbourne, Australia
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Structure of Presentation

• Introduction
• Current condition of Indonesia
• Adaptation Plan Related to Urban Infrastructure
• Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy
• Closing Remarks

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Introduction

• Indonesian geographical position ? one of the
  most vulnerable nations towards climate change
  impact
• cities more vulnerable to flood
• rural areas will have fresh water shortages.
• The warming mountain areas widen the habitat for
  disease vectors.
• high sea level and tidal wave cause abrasion and
  threaten coastal settlements.

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Current Condition in Indonesia (1)

• Spatial planning is aimed at sustainable
  development for environmental prosperity
• 70 percent of infrastructures development in
  Indonesia is centered in Java, Sumatera and Bali
  Islands
• Infrastructures dispersion is not well-arranged,
  that it caused spatial structuring failure
• The contribution of urban activities to Green
  House Effect (GHE) is about 60 percent
• Related to the context of climate change, this
  factor worsens the problems of fresh water
  provided for urban areas

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Current Condition in Indonesia (2)

• Illegal logging in highland and thus have
  increased erosion, properties and settlements
  built in river banks areas causes stream area in
  critical condition
• 35 thousand hectares of primary and secondary
  forestland has conversed to plantation and
  settlements every year
• Mangrove forest in Indonesia only remains 50
  percent or 3.5 million hectares.
• The increase of flood intensity caused by global
  warming is predicted to be nine times greater in
  the next decades

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Current Condition in Indonesia (3)

• Increasing sea level and flood will threat many
  areas
• Airports Polonia (Medan), Soekarno-Hatta
  (Jakarta), Juanda (Surabaya), Ngurah Rai
  (Denpasar), Hassanudin (Makassar) and Ahmad Yani
  (Semarang).
• Harbours Belawan (Medan), Tanjung Priok
  (Jakarta), Tanjung Mas (Semarang), Tanjung Perak
  (Surabaya), Pontianak and Makassar.
• Road along of eastern Sumatera, northern Java
  (Jakarta-Surabaya) and central Sulawesi
  (Pare-pare-Bulukumba via Makassar).
• Irrigation network at food area centre of
  northern Java, eastern Sumatera and southern
  Sulawesi.

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Adaptation Plan Related to Urban Infrastructure

• Holistic (ecological) planning is required in
  adaptation plan (Keraf, 2002)
• facts cannot be separated from values
• the use of synergy systemic relation
• in making policy, comprehensive consideration to
  the aspects of value, culture, economic benefit,
  etc. is taken into account
• The characteristics of holistic paradigm are
  (Howitt, 2001).
• the balance proportion between the central and
  local authorities
• multidimensional views
• Cooperation
• attention to varieties and integration
• comprehensive development.

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Conceptual Framework For Urban Infrastructure
Adaptation
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Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy (1)
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Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy (2)
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Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy (3)
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Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy (4)
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Closing Remarks (1)

• In changing the context of the future spatial
  planning in Indonesia, the growth measurement
  should be shifted to holistic development
• Sustainable economic development can be achieved
  when the balance in ecological functions is
  maintained
• Involve local community
• Appropriate spatial planning needs to be
  conducted by referring to Bali agenda road map

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Closing Remarks (2)

• The adaptation efforts to climate change require
  
• international cooperation to support the actions
• risk management and risk reduction strategy
• diversification in the economic sector to build
  resilience.
• Challenges in the implementation of spatial
  governance
• the needs of improvement in all related sectors
• the technical and methodological aspects
• the capacity and interests of the stakeholders
• the most crucial one, funding.

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• THANK YOU