Conceptual/Theoretical Frameworks Operational Frameworks

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Conceptual/Theoretical FrameworksOperational
Frameworks

• Jack Elliot
• Professor and Head
• Department of Agricultural
• Leadership, Education, and Communications
• Texas AM University

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An operational
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Texas Tech
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Delineate among

• Theoretical Frameworks
• Conceptual Frameworks
• Operational Frameworks

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Framework
A framework is a model of how one theorizes or
makes logical sense of the relationships among
several factors that have been identified as
important to the problem. (Sekaran, 2001)
This slide is courtesy of Rama Radhadrishna, The
Pennsylvania State University
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Frameworks

• Limit scope of inquiry
• Convey research importance to audiences

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Qualitative

• Learn from the participants
• Framework locations
• Orientation chapter 1
• Theory chapter 2
• Compare chapter 5

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Conceptual Framework Components

• Dependent variable/primary characteristic
• Variables of influence or characteristics of
  interest
• Extraneous variables or characteristics

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Relationship Among Five Types of Variables
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Variables of Influence
Moderator Variables
Intervening Variables
Dependent Variables
Control Variables
This slide is courtesy of Rama Radhadrishna, The
Pennsylvania State University
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Conceptual Framework Components

• Relationships (anticipated and predicted from the
  review of literature) among and between variables
  and/or characteristics

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Quantitative Framework Essentials

• Visually tells your story (research) the big
  picture
• Identifies literature review categories
• Directs your objectives

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Framework Essentials

• Establishes your anticipated analyses
  (operational framework)
• Manages your research design
• Directs your instrument development

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Quantitative Framework Locations

• Theoretical/Conceptual - end of Chapter 2
• A synthesis section explains the relationships
  and the categories
• A transition section leads to. . .
• Operational Framework
• Beginning of Chapter 3
• Tied to procedures/methodologies

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Operational Framework
Conceptual Framework
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operational
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Conceptual Framework
Factors Social Capital Financial
Capital Human Capital Natural Capital
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (FAO, Dilts,
Bartlet Pontius, 2001)
Farmer associations form because farmers need
greater market clout and need lobbying power for
government service (FAO, 1998)
Group Formation
The next 5 slides are courtesy of Rama
Radhadrishna Cliff Bonzo, The Pennsylvania
State University
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Research Questions

1. What is the demographic profile of the
   participants?
2. What are the group formation factors in the
   development of IPM farmers associations?
3. To what extent does knowledge acquisition impact
   group formation?
4. What demographic characteristics are related to
   group formation?

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Operational Framework
Independent variables
Dependent Variable
Factors Social Capital Financial
Capital Human Capital Natural
Capital (Bartlett, 2002 Scoones, 1998)
RQ 2
RQ 3
Knowledge Acquisition (Mathias, 1996)
Group Formation
Demographics Ethnicity
Gender Education
Land Holding (Esman Uphoff, 1984)
RQ 4
RQ 1
(Shaw, 1981 Tuckman Jenson, 1977)
RQ Research Questions 14
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Research Questions

1. What is the demographic profile of the
   participants?
2. What are the group formation factors in the
   development of IPM farmers associations?
3. To what extent does knowledge acquisition impact
   group formation?
4. What demographic characteristics are related to
   group formation?

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Relationships
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Theoretical Framework
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Research Framework or Agenda
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Conceptual Framework
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FROM NON-PARTICIPATION TO ENGAGEMENT
When people do not participate in programs, their
perspectives are lost and do not inform the
program - nor do they benefit from programs.
Problem
People do not participate because
The program They are not does not meet included
in their needs the planning
They respond to internal or external forces
Their values clash with that of program planners
Their level of innovativeness is low
Explanations
Based on
Needs are Participation identifiable
and means authentic if met, inclusion in
all people show up planning levels
People possess a level of adoptive readiness
Personal and social forces exist and
exert influence
Congruent values lead to participation
Assumptions
Argued by
Chain-of-Response Theory Cross
Needs Assessment Functionalists Empowerment
Borich Arnstein Scissons Freire
Resistance Theory Quigley Boshier
Adoption and Diffusion Theory Rogers
Theories Theorists
Remedied through
Epistemology Methodology 1. Needs
contextualized to include values and interests
Functional perspectives better define 2. Values
and interests are made explicit peoples
orientation to the program
Solutions
Resulting in
Points of divergence and convergence in peoples
functional perspectives are identified, resulting
in the identification of Points of leverage to
increase peoples participation in programs
Result
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Texas Tech
Conceptual Framework
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Example of _____________ Framework
Conceptual
Type of Tobacco
Location
Attitude toward school
Smoking Status of Youth (smoker vs. non-smoker)
Race
After HS plans
GPA
The next 3 slides are courtesy of Rama
Radhadrishna, The Pennsylvania State University
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Example of ____________ Framework
Operational
Sex-role stereotyping
Advancement of women to the top
Access to information
(Sekaran, 2001)
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Example of ______________ Framework
Operational
Hygiene factors (Job dissatisfaction)
Other variables
Job satisfaction of faculty
Motivator factors (Job satisfaction)
(Bowen and Radhakrishna study)
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An operational
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Framework Creation
Title
lt 12 words no articles prepositions debate
each word

IV



MV
Intervening variables
DV

CV
This slide is courtesy of Rama Radhadrishna, The
Pennsylvania State University
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Thank You