AMERICA IN THE MODERN AGE

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AMERICA IN THE MODERN AGE

• WORLD WAR II
• THE COLD WAR
• THE KOREAN WAR

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• SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins,
  major developments, and the domestic impact of
  World War II, especially the growth of the
  federal government.
• b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
  and the internment of Japanese- Americans,
  German-Americans, and Italian-Americans.
• c. Explain major events include the lend-lease
  program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the
  fall of Berlin.
• d. Describe war mobilization, as indicated by
  rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of
  women in war industries
• e. Describe Los Alamos and the scientific,
  economic, and military implications of developing
  the atomic bomb.

3
SSUSH20 The student will analyze the domestic
and international impact of the Cold Waron the
United States.

• a. Describe the creation of the Marshall
  Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Truman
  Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the
  containment policy.
• b. Explain the impact of the new communist
  regime in China, the outbreak of the Korean War

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1. How did the United States national crisis in
the 1930s and WWII lead to changes in the
political, social, economic and cultural identity
of the USA? 2. What impact did the Cold war have
the USA?
Essential questions
Vocabulary

• Lend-Lease Act
• Allies
• Winston Churchill
• Stalingrad
• The Italian campaign
• D-Day
• Douglas Macarthur
• Midway
• Battle of the Coral Sea
• Kamikaze
• Wagner Act
• National Labor Relations Act
• Manhattan Project

• Harry Truman
• Eleanor Roosevelt
• Hiroshima
• Nagasaki
• Dwight Eisenhower
• Hitler
• Nazi
• Huey Long
• Court Packing Bill
• Neutrality Act
• President Roosevelt
• A. Philip Randolph
• War Production Board
• Rosie the Riveter
• Old age insurance

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WORLD WAR II
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RISE OF DICTATORS

• Three (3) events that led to their rise
• Great Depression in Europe following WWI.
• Anger over the Treaty of Versailles
• Germany
• Strong sense of nationalism
• Desire that all peoples with like languages and
  cultures should be together in one country.

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BENITO MUSSOLINI

• Leads the Fascist Party of Italy to power in
  1922.
• Outlaws all political parties except Fascists.
• Takes control of press, schools, religion.
• Invades Ethiopia with no interference by the
  League of Nations.

8
ADOLF HITLER

• Head of the Nazi Party in Germany- 1933
• Blames Jews for German problems and calls for the
  creation of the Aryan Race.
• Blond haired, blue-eyed Germans
• Creates a totalitarian state in which Nazi Party
  controls all of the govt., schools, and religion.

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JAPAN

• Hirohito- Emperor of Japan.
• Militarists dominate the government.
• Hideki Tojo- War Minister.
• 1932- Seizes Manchuria in China.
• 1936- leaves the League of Nations and invades
  rest of China.

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JOSEPH STALIN

• Succeeds Lenin upon his death in 1922.
• Had all of his political opponents killed.
• Govt. takes control of all aspects of economy.
• Signs pact with Germany to stay out of war.
• Later joins with Allies after Germany attacks
  Russia

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WINSTON CHURCHILL

• Becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1940.
• Noted for his stirring speeches and bulldog
  confidence.
• Leads Britain against Nazi aggression.
• Pressures for the United States to enter the war.

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FDR-ELECTION OF 1936

• Franklin Roosevelt up for a second term
• His New deal is very popular but it is not
  working
• Depression has not turned around
• Thinks war is inevitable but America is
  isolationist in the 1930s
• Roosevelt wins all but 2 states

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THE BEGINING OF THE WAR

• 1935 Germany rearms.
• 1936 Germany takes the Rhineland.
• 1937 Germany, Italy, Japan form the Axis Powers.
• 1938 Germany seizes Sudetenland and Austria.
• 1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia.

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EUROPEAN RESPONSE

• Britain and France adopt appeasement policy at
  Munich Conference to let Hitler have what he has
  taken.
• America adopts Neutrality Acts.
• Soviet Union signs Nazi-Soviet Pact to agree not
  to attack each other.
• September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland.

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EUROPEAN RESPONSE

• September 3, 1939 Britain and France declare war
  on Germany.

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THE WORLD AT WAR

• Hitler uses blitzkrieg lightning war against
  Europe.
• Spring, 1940 Germany invades Denmark, Belgium,
  and France.
• June, 1940- France falls to the Nazis.
• Hitler presides over the surrender in the same
  railroad car as the 1918 Armistice.

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Neutrality Acts 1935, 1936, 1937

• When the President proclaimed the existence of a
  foreign war, certain restrictions would
  automatically go into effect
• Prohibited sales of arms to belligerent nations.
• Prohibited loans and credits to belligerent
  nations.
• Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations
  at war in contrast to WW I.
• Non-military goods must be purchased on a
  cash-and-carry basis ? pay when goods are
  picked up.
• This limited the options of the President in a
  crisis.
• America in the 1930s declined to build up its
  forces because it was isolationist

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1939 Neutrality Act

• In response to Germanys invasion of
  Poland.
• FDR persuades Congress in special session to
  allow the US to aid European democracies in a
  limited way
• The US could sell weapons to the European
  democracies on a cash-and-carry basis.
• FDR was authorized to proclaim danger zones which
  US ships and citizens could not enter.
• Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act
• Aggressors could not send ships to buy US
  munitions.
• The US economy improved as European demands for
  war goods helped bring the country out of the
  1937-38 recession. America becomes the Arsenal
  of Democracy.

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LEND-LEASE

• 1941 proposal to Congress by Roosevelt.
• British running short on money.
• United States greatly increased its production of
  military equipment so that it could be leant to
  the British and the Allies.
• 7 billion dollars used to build airplanes,
  ships, and tanks.

20
AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR

• July, 1941- America freezes Japanese assets for
  aggression in the Pacific.
• November, 1941- negotiations between the U.S and
  Japan fail.
• Sunday, December 7, 1941- Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
  bombed by Japanese planes at 755 a.m.
• 19 ships and 150 planes destroyed.

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AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR

• December 8, 1941 President Roosevelt formally
  asks Congress to declare war on Japan.
• December 11 Germany and Italy declare war on
  America.

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War Mobilization

• How does America get ready for war?
• Whats it like on the home front?
• How do the people left at home help win WWII?
• How does the role of women change during the war?

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Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a BondIt Will Lead to
VICTORY!
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Rosie, the Riveter
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Womens Army Air CorpsPilots, Womens Army
Corps. Army Nurses
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Get Your Ration Cards
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S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!
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Japanese-American Boy Scout Troop in an
Internment Camp
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Navaho Code Talkers
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Segregated Units
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WARTIME ALLIANCES

• ALLIES
• United States
• Britain
• France
• Soviet Union

• AXIS
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan

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BATTLES IN THE PACIFIC

• Battle of Midway June 4-7, 1942- America
  sinks 4 Japanese aircraft carriers.
• Turning Point of the war for America in the
  Pacific

33
European Theater1942-1945
Marshal Georgy Zhukov Soviet Field Marshal
General Dwight D. Eisenhower Supreme Allied
Commander
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INVASION OF ITALY

• July, 1943- Island of Sicily invaded.
• Mussolini flees Italy for Germany.
• Caught by his own people and executed.
• Italian army surrenders, but German army
  continues to fight.
• June, 1944- Allies march into Rome.

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BATTLE FOR RUSSIA

• July, 1942- Battle of Stalingrad.
• Russians destroy their own cities so Germans
  would have nothing to conquer.
• July, 1943- Battle of Kursk
• Germans forced to withdraw.

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D-DAY

• Operation Overlord- invasion of France via
  English Channel.
• Gen. Eisenhower leads
• June 6, 1944- Beaches of Normandy, France are
  invaded by 3 million Allied troops.
• Aug. 25, 1944- Paris liberated.

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EAST MEETS WEST

• April 26, 1945- Russian and American troops meet
  at the Elbe River.

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WAR IN THE PACIFIC

• Japan severely weakened by U.S. forces.
• Island Hopping Campaign- Feb.- March, 1945-
  America captures Japanese controlled islands
• Philippines, Iwo Jima
• Kamikaze- Japanese suicide runs w/ planes.

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Iwo Jima-More US Marines earned the Medal of
Honor on Iwo Jima than in any other battle in US
History.
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General MacArthur and the Philippines
I Will Return!
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YALTA CONFERENCE

• Meeting of the Big Three in Feb., 1945.
• Agreements made
• Germany divided into 4 zones.
• Germany would pay for war and lose military.
• Created United Nations
• Stalin demands Poland to be pro-Russian.
• Soviet Union agrees to enter the war against
  Japan after the defeat of Germany.

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DEATH OF HITLER

• July, 1944- Assassination attempt by German
  generals. Hitler survives.
• Soviet forces invade Berlin.
• Hitler marries long-time girlfriend, Anna Braun
• April 30, 1945- they commit suicide in bunker by
  swallowing cyanide capsules.
• Bodies burned by German soldiers.

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DEATH OF ROOSEVELT

• Election of 1944
• Roosevelt defeats Thomas Dewey for a 4th term.
• 63 years old, very sick with influenza, high
  blood pressure, and congestive heart failure.
• April 12, 1945- suffers a stroke at Warm Springs,
  Georgia.
• April 15, 1945- State Funeral

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HARRY S. TRUMAN

• Becomes President on death of Roosevelt.
• out of the loop on war-time planning.
• Orders drop of Atomic Bomb to save American
  lives.

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THE END OF THE WAR

• June, 1944- D-Day
• May 8, 1945- Germany surrenders (V-E Day)
• Manhattan Project at Los Alamos
• August 6, 1945- Atomic Bomb dropped on
• Hiroshima (70,000 killed)
• Nagasaki (40,000 killed)

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THE END OF THE WAR

• August 14, 1945- Japan surrenders (V-J Day)

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THE COLD WAR- a war fought with words, threats,
espionage but not weapons of mass destruction
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The Iron Curtain

• Soviet Union controls nations of Eastern Europe,
  each with a pro-Moscow Communist government.
• 1946-1947- Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria
• 1948- Czechoslovakia
• Churchill calls this the, Iron Curtain.
• Germany split into East Germany (pro-Soviet) and
  West Germany (Independent).

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UNITED NATIONS

• Created in 1945.
• Member nations agreed to bring all disputes to.
• Any nation can belong.
• 5 Permanent members
• United States
• Great Britain
• Soviet Union
• China
• France

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TRUMAN DOCTRINE

• 1947- Soviet Union threatens Greece and Turkey.
• United States would send 400 million in aid to
  Greece and Turkey to help stop the Communists.
• It must be the policy of the United States to
  support free people who are resisting outside
  pressures.

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MARSHALL PLAN

• Plan by Secretary of State George Marshall to
  rebuild post-war Europe.
• Believed that by helping these people, it would
  avoid Communist threats

• Between 1948-1952 the United States would give
  12 billion in aid to Western Europe.
• Aid offered to Eastern Europe, but turned down.

52
BERLIN BLOCKADE

• Berlin divided into 4 zones
• United States, Great Britain, France, Soviet
  Union.
• Stalin cuts off all highway and rail traffic in
  June, 1948.

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Berlin Airlift

• Ordered by Harry Truman in June, 1948.
• Daily food drops into Berlin.
• Planes land every 4 minutes at the airport.
• Ends in May, 1949.
• 1 year and 2 months.
• 277,804 flights.
• 2,325,809 tons of food and supplies.

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OPPOSING ALLIANCES

• NATO
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• United States and nations of Western Europe.
• Created in April, 1949.

• Warsaw Pact
• Military organization of the Communist Nations.
• Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany,
  Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania.
• Created in May, 1955.

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ELECTION OF 1948

• Democrats
• Harry S. Truman
• Republicans
• Thomas Dewey
• Dixiecrats
• Strom Thurmond
• Truman travels the country by train- whistle
  stop campaign.
• Dewey leads in the polls the entire campaign.
• First use of Gallup Polls.
• Dewey Defeats Truman headline
• Truman wins

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The War on Communism

• Truman takes it upon himself to stop communism
  from spreading around the world.
• Called the containment policy
• Many 3rd world nations susceptible to the ideals
  of communism.

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The Korean War

• 1950-1953

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Korean Peninsula

• Korean peninsula divided into north and south at
  38th Parallel after WWII.
• Peoples Republic of Korea (Communist North) led
  by Kim Il Sung.
• Republic of Korea (Capitalist South) led by
  Syngman Rhee.

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KOREAN WAR

• June 25, 1950- Invasion of South by communist
  North.
• U.N. forces led by Gen. MacArthur push into the
  North.
• Chinese help communist North to push back south
  of the 38th.

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Gen. MacArthur Fired

• Douglas MacArthur openly criticizes Truman for
  the handling of the war.
• Wants to invade China.
• April, 1951- MacArthur is recalled and relieved
  of duty.
• Replaced by Mathew Ridgeway.

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End of the War

• War ends in July 27, 1953.
• Armistice signed with the border staying at the
  38th Parallel.

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Election of 1952

• Republicans
• Dwight D. Eisenhower
• I like Ike.
• Former WWII general
• Democrats
• Adlai Stevenson
• Eisenhower wins in a landslide.
• First Republican elected to Presidency in 20
  years.