Chapter 23 Memory Systems

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Chapter 23 Memory Systems

• Types of Memory
• Types of Amnesia
• Area IT
• Temporal Lobe Memory
• Delayed Nonmatch to Sample Tests
• Radial Arm Maze Test
• Hippocampus
• Prefrontal Cortex
• Lateral Intraparietal Cortex

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I. Definitions

• A. Learning the acquisition of new information
• B. Memory the retention of learned information
• C. Declarative memory retention of facts and
  events
• 1. generally accessible for conscious
  remembering
• 2. usually easy to store and easy to forget
• D. Procedural memory retention of skills or
  behavior
• 1. generally not accessible for conscious
  remembering
• 2. generally require much repetition to
  retain, but not so easy to forget

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I. Definitions

• (23.1)

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I. Definitions

• E. Short-term declarative memory
• 1. temporary, limited in capacity, requires
  repetition
• F. Long-term declarative memory
• 1. more permanent, large capacity, does not
  require repetition
• 2. consolidation process of retention in
  long-term memory

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I. Definitions

• (23.2)

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I. Definitions

• G. Amnesia loss of memory and/or the ability to
  learn
• H. Retrograde amnesia (23.3)
• 1. loss of memory prior to trauma
• I. Anterograde amnesia
• 1. loss of ability to form new memories after
  trauma

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II. History - videos

• A. Lashleys search for the engram. (23.4)
• B. Wilder Penfields cortical recordings and
  evoked responses.
• Video Interview with Donald Hebb

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II. History

• C. Hebbs cell assembly model. (23.5)

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III. Inferotemporal Cortex (area IT)

• A. Visual association area (23.6a)
• B. Experimental lesion studies
• 1. loss of visual discrimination task
• 2. basic vision normal
• 3. loss of memory (?)

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III. Inferotemporal Cortex (area IT)

• C. Face recognition neurons (23.6b)
• 1. face selectivity
• 2. facial memory (?)
• 3. Prosopagnosia
• recall video

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IV. Temporal Lobe Memory

• A. Temporal lobectomy
• 1. Kluver-Bucy syndrome
• a. visual agnosia / psychic blindness
• B. Hippocampal Transplants (Video)
• 1. Anders Bjorklund - Morris Water Maze (24.25)

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IV. Temporal Lobe Memory

• B. H.M. (case study)
• 1. epilepsy surgery in 1953
• 2. bilateral medial temporal lobe removed
  (23.8)
• a. cortex
• b. amygdala
• c. hippocampus
• 3. partial retrograde amnesia
• 4. profound anterograde amnesia
• 5. long-term memories intact
• 6. short-term memory normal
• 7. procedural memory intact

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IV. Temporal Lobe Memory

• Videos 2 case studies of amnesia
• Peter and Ken

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IV. Temporal Lobe Memory

• C. Medial temporal lobe structures (23.9)
• 1. hippocampus
• 2. entorhinal
• cortex
• 3. perirhinal
• cortex
• 4. parahippocampal cortex

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IV. Temporal Lobe Memory

• 5. connections (23.10)
• a. iputs all sensory association areas
• b. outputs hypothalamus via fornix

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V. Delayed nonmatch to sample tests

• A. Procedure (23.11)
• B. Test of recognition memory
• C. Video - effect of age on memory

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V. Delayed nonmatch to sample tests (DNMS)

• C. Effects of lesions
• 1. bilateral medial temporal lobe lesion
  (23.12)
• a. normal test with short delay
• b. increasing errors with increasing delay
  (19.10)

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V. Delayed nonmatch to sample tests (DNMS)

• C. Effects of lesions
• 2. amygdala lesion
• a. no effect other functions of
  amygdala?
• 3. hippocampal lesion
• a. mild amnesia
• 4. perirhinal cortex lesion
• a. severe memory deficit

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V. DNMS test

• 5. anterior and dorsomedial thalamic nuclei
  (23.13)
• a. lesions affect DNMS tests
• b. connections part of Papez circuit
  (18.4)

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VI. Radial Arm Maze Test

• A. Procedure (23.14)
• B. Effect of hippocampal lesion
• 1. repeat errors
• C. Hippocampal place cells (23.15)

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VIII. Prefrontal Cortex

• A. Location (23.21)
• B. Connections (23.22)

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VIII. Prefrontal Cortex

• A. Hypothesized functions (19.15)
• 1. complex planning
• 2. problem solving
• 3. memory
• 4. personality / emotion
• B. Videos - effects of frontal lobe stroke on
  memory and prefrontal lobotomy, recall Phineas
  Gage