Mumbai Campaign for Municipal Reforms

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Mumbai Campaign for Municipal Reforms
WELCOMES YOU
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Outline

• Assessing Democracy in India
• Mumbai The Current Situation
• The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms
• VOTEMUMBAI Agenda for Urban Reforms in Mumbai
• Getting there Next Steps

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Assessing Democracy in India
Democratic Ideals
Democratic Practice
Democratic Institutions
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Assessing Democracy in India
Various aspects of the Broad Idea A
Government OF/BY/FOR the people
Freedom of Expression
Public accountability of leaders
Equitable distribution of power
Participation of people
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Assessing Democracy in India
Go beyond the ideals and Provide Opportunities
to Realise these Ideals
Constitutional Rights
Effective Courts
Responsive Electoral System
Functional Parliament/Assemblies
Open and free media
Ppatory instns of local govt
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Assessing Democracy in India
Deals with How these Opportunities are Realised
Various drivers of distribution of power
Awareness of the public
Vigour of the opposition
Nature of pol parties/public orgns
Extent of Political participation
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Mumbai- Current Situation

• Mumbai accounts for 16 of income tax collections
  and 35 of corporate tax collection in the
  country
• Mumbai accounts for 25 of the State's income at
  current prices
• 66 of the sales tax revenue in Maharashtra
  originated in Mumbai
• Mumbai is home to both the National Stock
  Exchange and the Bombay Stock Exchange and
  dominated the turnover and total market
  capitalization of the Indian stock markets. The
  share of these two exchanges is about 92 with
  respect to the total turnover. They represent
  virtually the total market capitalization of
  India's corporate sector.
• Contributes more than one fifth of Income Tax
  revenue of Govt. of India and 30 of customs
  duty.
• Mumbai handles 26 of the domestic air traffic
  cargo and an average of 40of the international
  air cargo traffic in country and about 25 of the
  domestic and 38 of the International air
  passenger traffic in the country.

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Mumbai-Current Situation

• The number of telephone connection in Mumbai is
  estimated to be approximately 2.31 million. Of
  the approximately 7 million cellular subscribers
  in India, 10 of the subscribers are believed to
  be in Mumbai
• 2.5 million tax assessees.
• Mumbai accounts for a significant share in
  deposits mobilization (14 of total deposits) and
  deployment of credit (21 of total credit) of
  scheduled commercial banks.
• Mumbai accounts for almost 30 of FDI in the
  State.
• Handles over 35 of cheque clearances in number
  and 60 in value, more than 10 times that of any
  other metro.
• By 2020 Mumbai will have 27 Million people and
  will be the 2nd largest city in the world after
  Tokyo.
• Every problem the city faces now will be
  accentuated to an level which could see a Urban
  Revolt, if not tackled immediately.

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Mumbai- Current Situation
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Mumbai- Current Situation
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Mumbai-Current Situation-Issues

• The State controls the City Municipal Governance
  without being directly answerable or accountable
  to people of Mumbai City
• State appoints BMC Commissioner and AMCs.
• Multiple parallel agencies like PWD, MSRDC,
  MMRDA, MHADA etc., directly controlled by state,
  not answerable to BMC or citizens.
• MBPT Railways, AAI, Defense, who occupy a large
  chunk of land are not accountable to BMC (for
  Municipal Governance/Services).
• Executive head (Commissioner) of citys Municipal
  Government is not elected and not directly
  accountable to people.
• Mayor is a ceremonial post without any executive
  authority
• Elected Corporation has only deliberative powers
  for policy making but no say in execution
• Local self governance is missing at Corporator
  Ward Level, being smallest identified unit in
  structure with an average population of 50/60
  thousand
• BMC working is not transparent and appropriate
  MIS at Electoral Ward level missing for
  benchmarking services

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Mumbai-Current Situation-Issues
Elected from
Constituency
Chief Minister
To govern state
36 MLA out of 288 from Mumbai
227 Corporators
???
BMC Commisioner
Parallel agencies like MHADA, MMRDA etc
AMC
Mumbai Municipal Corporation
Central agencies like Airport, Railways, BPT
??????
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Mumbai- Current Situation-Views on City Government
Special Interest Groups
Urban Poor
City Bureaucrat
Urban Middle Class
State Bureaucrat
Community Based Orgns
ParaStatal Agency
NGO TypeB
City Politician
NGO TypeA
State Politician
Infrasture Players
National Politician
Multi/ Bilateral Agencies
Opinion Leaders
Business Community
Media
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Mumbai- Current Situation-Views on City Government
Special Interest Groups
Urban Poor
City Bureaucrat
Urban Middle Class
State Bureaucrat
Community Based Orgns
ParaStatal Agency
NGO TypeB
City Politician
NGO TypeA
State Politician
Infrasture Investor
National Politician
Multi/ Bilateral Agencies
Opinion Leaders
Business Community
Media
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Mumbai- Current Situation-Views on City Government
Special Interest Groups
Urban Poor
City Bureaucrat
Urban Middle Class
State Bureaucrat
Community Based Orgns
ParaStatal Agency
NGO TypeB
City Politician
NGO TypeA
State Politician
Infrasture Investor
National Politician
Multi/ Bilateral Agencies
Opinion Leaders
Business Community
Media
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Mumbai- Current Situation-Views on City Government
Special Interest Groups
Urban Poor
City Bureaucrat
Urban Middle Class
State Bureaucrat
Community Based Orgns
ParaStatal Agency
NGO TypeB
City Politician
NGO TypeA
State Politician
Infrasture Players
National Politician
Multi/ Bilateral Agencies
Opinion Leaders
Business Community
Media
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Mumbai- Current Situation-Views on City Government
Special Interest Groups
Urban Poor
City Bureaucrat
Urban Middle Class
State Bureaucrat
Community Based Orgns
ParaStatal Agency
NGO TypeB
City Politician
NGO TypeA
State Politician
Infrasture Players
National Politician
Multi/ Bilateral Agencies
Opinion Leaders
Business Community
Media
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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms-
Frequently Suggested Solutions
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The Case for Comprehensive Urban
Reforms- Frequently Suggested Solutions
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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms- Reality

• Enormous Day-to-Day Challenges
• Solid waste management thousands of tons/day
• Water supply
• Sanitation systems and treatment plants
• Multiplicity of agencies
• Ad-hoc measures of past left behind legacy
  problems
• Genuine technical skills issue with local
  government
• New ideas need new skills
• PPPs/ Outsourcing/JV Agreements use complex
  contracts
• Creation and monitoring of Service-Level
  Agreements difficult for local govt.
• Rapid economic activity
• Urban growth running faster than solutions can
  catch up
• Very little reliable data being generated to
  track this

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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms- Reality

• Urban poverty issues
• Multiple factors land rights/ permanent and
  seasonal migration/ beneficiary identification
• Multiple institutional jurisdictions (example
  basic services with local government public
  distribution system/housing with state
  departments)
• Weak administrative systems
• Weak human resources with minimal training
• Poorly designed Cadre and Recruitment Rules
• Dysfunctional internal systems finance, land
  records, personnel etc.
• Massive financial requirements
• Rs 28,000 crores/annum for the next 10 years for
  urban infrastructure
• Minimal support from centre/states
• Rural-urban issues
• Urban growth primarily at fringes
• Complex Governance and equity challenges

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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms - Context
84,168
3.2 crores
5,023
1.7 crores
RURAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT
URBAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
ZILLA PANCHAYAT
CORPORATION
27
890
6
410
CMC
40
1,308
TALUK PANCHAYAT
176
3,255
TMC
81
1,919
GRAM PANCHAYAT
5,659
80,023
TP
89
1,373
No of Elected Reps
XXX
Population
YYY
No of Local Govts
ZZZ
These are statistics for Karnataka the same
should be true in other states as well
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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms-Context
17 lakh reps
72 crores
70,000 reps
28 crores
RURAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT
URBAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
10 times further away
1 rep for 425 people
1 rep for 4,000 people
In Large metros like Mumbai, the ratio of elected
rep citizen is more than 100 times further away
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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms-Context
17 lakh reps
72 crores
227 reps
1.5 crores
RURAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Mumbai Government
155 times further away
1 rep for 425 people
1 rep for 66000 people
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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms-
Reality Multiple factors impacting Urban Change
Many factors contribute to shaping vibrant
cities
White Paper on Sustainable Cities, Swati
Ramanathan
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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms Specific
Action Agendas
METROPOLITAN PLANNING COMMITTEE
1
10
REGIONAL SPATIAL DATA CENTRE
METROPOLITAN TRANSPORT AUTHORITY
5
4
X
CONCERNED PARA-STATALS, SPECIAL-PURPOSE VEHICLES,
STATE GOVT DEPARTMENTS
3
CONCERNED LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
2
LAW ORDER
ALL PUBLIC TRANSPORT AGENCIES (BUS/RAIL/AIR/TAXI/
AUTO/RTO etc.)
EDUCATION
URBAN
RURAL
REVENUE
PWR DISTRIBN.
7
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URBAN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
TALUK /ZILLA PANCHAYATS
PUBLIC HLTH
INDTL. DEVMT.
6
PLANNING ZONING
WOMEN CHILD WFARE
GRAMA PANCHAYATS
WARD COMMITTEES
WATER SANITATION
ECONOMICS STATISTICS
9
GRAM/WARD SABHAS
AREA SABHAS
URBAN POOR SERVICES
ENVIRONMENT FORESTRY
X
8
3
ALL RELEVANT REGULATORY AUTHORITIES
2
9
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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms Key
Elements of the Framework

• Recognition of Regional Footprint beyond local
  govts.
• Metropolitan Planning Committee, as per Article
  243ZE of COI
• MPC spans rural and urban areas
• DPC substitutes for MPC in less urban regions
• Decentralisation to Local Governments
• Implement the letter and spirit of 74th CAA for
  local self-govt
• Supported by appropriate accountability
  mechanisms
• Synchronisation of rural/ urban structures
• Establishment of co-ordination mechanisms
• Between para-statals and local governments
• A realistic alternative to complete absorption of
  agencies
• Establishment of Technical Groups in MPC
• Spatial Data Centre
• Integrated Transportation Management

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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms Action
Agendas

• Permanent MPC, with planning/regulation/
  coordination/data collation powers
• Constitution with Elected Representatives and
  Experts
• Master Planning Procedures and Technical Groups
• Completely revamped Municipality Law
• Direct Election to Mayor
• 3-tier structure of Municipality/ Ward
  Committee/Area Sabha
• Formal Citizen Participation in Municipal affairs
• Mandatory audited quarterly disclosure of
  performance
• Ombudsman
• Co-ordination mechanisms on all Municipal
  Services as per Schedule XII (and Schedule XI)
• Alignment of Jurisdictions based on Ward
  Boundaries
• Joint Budgeting/ Reporting cycles

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2
3
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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms Action
Agendas

• Establishment of Spatial Data Centre
• Real-time GIS for planning and coordination
  across agencies
• Establishment of Integrated Transport Authority
• Planning and coordination across all Public
  Transport Agencies
• Implementing Municipal Reforms at City-level
• Financial Reforms in Budgeting, Accounting, MIS
• HR and Capacity Building
• Urban Land Reforms
• Simplified Land Records Management
• Guaranteed Land Title

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5
6
7
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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms Action
Agendas

• Integrated Services for the Urban Poor
• Provision of Low-Income Housing
• Other Urban Poor Programmes
• Defining and ensuring service outcomes
• Establish qualitative and quantitative benchmarks
  
• Management and Monitoring Processes
• Equitable outcomes for the poor
• Development Delivery of Comprehensive City
  Plans
• Regional Fooprint
• Involvement of multiple stakeholders
• Creation of appropriate infrastructure
• Rigorous enforcement e.g. zoning/land-use
• Regular mapping/monitoring of economic activities
  in the city

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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms External
Factors/ Developments to Consider

• National Urban Renewal Mission
• Substantial Financial Incentive for Urban Reforms
• Additional Financial Support for Urban Poor
  Programmes
• Funding support for E-Governance Initiative
• Spatial Data Centre Establishment
• Harnessing of FDI in Real Estate Sector
• Stymied progress without land reforms
• Major Disruptive Transport Initiatives in most
  cities
• Airports Mass Transit Systems not as Integrated
  Transport

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The Case for Comprehensive Urban Reforms Benefits
of the Framework

• Provides a complete response to urban challenges
• Captures most solutions being aired
• Recognises regional and rural-urban issues
• Applies across a state, rather than a specific
  city
• Identifies the specific changes that are required
• Integrates all current national initiatives and
  trends
• Allows for prioritisation of reforms and
  timelines

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VOTEMUMBAI Agenda for Urban Reforms in
Mumbai Overview

• What is VOTEMUMBAI
• Non-partisan peoples campaign
• Pro-political approach, respect for political
  process
• No alternative to democracy
• What is VOTEMUMBAIs Agenda
• Mumbai and Mumbai Metropolitan Region
• Comprehensive Urban Reforms
• Institution accountability legitimate citizen
  participation
• How will VOTEMUMBAI go about its work
• Focused, data and research-based activities
• Consultative, deliberative process
• Combination of advocacy and grass-roots work

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VOTEMUMBAI Agenda for Urban Reforms in
Mumbai Proposed Structure for Urban Governance
GREATER MUMBAI METROPOLITAN PLANNING COMMITTEE
1
10
METROPOLITAN TRANSPORT AUTHORITY
REGIONAL SPATIAL DATA CENTRE
6
CONCERNED PARA-STATALS, SPECIAL-PURPOSE VEHICLES,
STATE GOVT DEPARTMENTS
3
CONCERNED LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
2
LAW ORDER
EDUCATION
ALL PUBLIC TRANSPORT AGENCIES (BUS/RAIL/AIR/TAXI/
AUTO/RTO etc.)
BMC MAYOR COUNCIL COMMSNER
OTHER MUNCIPALTIES
RURAL
REVENUE
PWR DISTRIBN.
PUBLIC HLTH
INDTL. DEVMT.
TALUK /ZILLA PANCHAYATS
ADMINISTVE WARD
ADMINISTVE WARD
PLANNING ZONING
WOMEN CHILD WFARE
5
4
GRAMA PANCHAYATS
ELCTRL WARD COMMITTEES
ELCTRL WARD COMMITTEES
URBAN POOR SERVICES (SRA)
ECONOMICS STATISTICS
ENVIRONMENT FORESTRY
MHADA
GRAM/WARD SABHAS
AREA SABHAS (POLLING BOOTH)
AREA SABHAS (POLLING BOOTH)
MSRDC
PWD
MMRDA
DEFENSE
2
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VOTEMUMBAI Agenda for Urban Reforms in
Mumbai Specific Action Items

• Establish the Mumbai Metropolitan Planning
  Committee
• Comprising Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, Thane city, Thane
  rural, Kalyan/Dombivali, Meerabhaiyandar
• Include all concerned para-statals and spvs
• Mayor of the largest (in terms of Budgets)
  Municipality as Chairperson, MMPC
• Composition as per 243EZ of 74th CAA
• 2/3 Elected Reps
• 1/3 technical experts, NGOs etc
• Role
• Planner/Coordinator/ Moderator/Regulator/ Data
  Mgr
• Provide appropriate administrative mechanism
  MMRDA?

1
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VOTEMUMBAI Agenda for Urban Reforms in
Mumbai Specific Action Items

• Amendments to BMC Act
• Directly elected, fully empowered Mayor
• Municipal accounts committee
• Municipal Town Planning Committee
• Disaster Management Committee
• Other functional committees
• Commissioner to work under direction of Mayor
• Corporator chaired electoral Ward Committees
• Area Sabha for each polling booth
• Right to recall
• Ombudsmen (few)
• Disclosure norms
• Independent outside auditors
• Mandatory provisions to frame citizen charters
  with penalties etc. for each department as far as
  practicable
• Appropriate accounting package to support
  benchmarking of various services

2
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VOTEMUMBAI Agenda for Urban Reforms in
Mumbai Specific Action Items

• Coordination Mechanisms on all Municipal Services
  as per 74th Amendment, Schedule XII
• Alignment of jurisdictions based on electoral
  ward boundaries
• Joint budgeting and reporting cycles for the
  various agencies
• Implementing Municipal Reforms at City level
• Financial reforms in budgeting, accounting
• Re-vamping of MIS
• Orientation in Human Resources and Capacity
  Building
• Planning and Zoning
• Regional Development Plan (DP), City Development
  Plan (CDP) and Electoral Ward Plan (EWP) process
  framework

3
4
5
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VOTEMUMBAI Agenda for Urban Reforms in
Mumbai Specific Action Items

• Integrated Transport Authority under MPC
• Role planner-coordinator-moderator-regulator-data
  mgmt.
• Primary means of connectivity for majority of
  population
• Owners of private vehicles need to have incentive
  to use public transport
• Replaces current erroneous practices of solely
  building flyovers and widening roads
• Criteria for Integrated Transport Authority-
  comprehensive connectivity, convenience,
  affordability, frequency, reliability, safety,
  environmental standards, and urban aesthetics

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VOTEMUMBAI Agenda for Urban Reforms in
Mumbai Detailed Discussion of 3-tier Structure
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Ward Committee and Area Sabha structure
WC
Elected Corporator as Chairperson plus AS
reps Avg pop 66000

• NOTE
• Area Sabha same as Polling booth
• Avg Area Sabha 35 per WC
• Avg Population - 1700

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VOTEMUMBAI Agenda for Urban Reforms in
Mumbai Detailed Discussion of 3-tier Structure

• Benefits of directly elected, fully empowered
  Mayoral System
• Democracy at the third tier
• Directly accountable to the citizen
• Empowered local Government
• Mayors authority and power balanced through
  systemic checks
• Benefits of Electoral Ward Committee
• Empowered local self government
• Executive authority for local self governance
• Area Sabha representation
• Appropriate Funds, Functions and Functionaries
• Closer proximity to local government

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VOTEMUMBAI Agenda for Urban Reforms in
Mumbai Detailed Discussion of 3-tier Structure

• Benefits of Area Sabha
• Permanent, institutionalised structure for
  participation
• Ward Committee strengthened, with accountability
  to Area Sabha
• Urban Voter elevated to Citizen in fullest
  sense
• Participatory/Deliberative democracy global
  trends
• Convergence opportunities Voter List, BPL list
  cleaned up
• Heterogenous composition has positive social
  implications
• Area Sabha a platform of citizen accountability,
  not just govt
• Extrapolation of Grama Sabha findings
• Positive outcomes for the poor
• Opportunity for marginalised sections

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VOTEMUMBAI Agenda for Urban Reforms in
Mumbai Detailed Discussion of 3-tier Structure

• Distribution of Funds/ Functions/ Functionaries
  across the 3 tiers
• Municipality and Ward Committee as Executive
  platforms
• Intermediary Administrative Ward continues for
  Zonal coordination and servicing
• Detailed activity mapping of municipal / ward
  committee / area sabha functions done
• Appropriate devolution of funds and functionaries
  (e.g. Ward funds to be retained at Ward level,
  based on Ward Infrastructure Index)
• Area Sabha as platform for participation and
  accountability (oversight, watchdog, eyes and
  ears, community building etc)
• Informal structures like RWAs/ ALMs can connect
  to Area Sabhas and Ward Committees

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What did Mumbai get

•  
• Empowered Local Govt.
• Democratic Govrnment at this tier.
• Decentralised and Democratised Local Government.
• Local Self Government through legitimate citizen
  participatory platforms. (Participatory
  Democracy)
• Accountable (to citizen) Transparent Local
  Government.

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VOTEMUMBAI What is in it for me?

• Accountability shifts to elected reps and citizen
• Better coordination with various agencies
• Clear political structures

• Integral part of the system
• Working alongside Poor in Area Sabhas

• Area Sabha provides legitimate platform for
  participation
• Improvement of housing and services
• Not forced to seek political patronage

Urban Middle Class
Urban Poor
City Bureaucrat
Special Interest Groups
State Bureaucrat
Community Based Orgns
ParaStatal Agency
NGO TypeB
City Politician
NGO TypeA

• Better engagement with citizens at the Area Sabha
  level
• Focus on capacity building for citizens across
  various segments

State Politician
Infrasture Investor
National Politician

• Release Day-to-day headaches for accepting blame
• Greater time and energy for looking at larger
  issues of development of state

Multi/ Bilateral Agencies

• Authority to make decisions
• Simplified system
• Fully empowered

Opinion Leaders
Business Community
Media

• High quality infrastructure
• Transparent, responsive accountable system

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What is in it for the State Government?

• State role not affected
• No change in the status of MSRDC, SRA, and MAHDA
• MPC to be chaired by the Mayor of the largest
  municipality in terms of budget
• Provisions for Commissioners appointment not
  materially affected
• Legislative power unaffected
• What is removed from State Government plate?
• Day-to-day headaches
• Periodic push and pull from vested interests
• Blame for non-performance
• What is gained by State Government?
• Greater time and energy for looking at larger
  issues of development and
• financial planning
• Planning and developing new cities and towns like
  Navi Mumbai

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VOTEMUMBAI - Benefits

• Within 6 months
• Most local issues addressed drains,
  streetlights, cleanliness, traffic mgmt etc.
• Within 12 months
• Development of a Vision for Greater Mumbai
  Metropolitan Area
• Greater transparency and accountability in funds
  management
• Within 18-24 months
• 100 increase in Revenue Mobilisation and
  Deployment (e.g. 40 current compliance in
  property taxes)
• Availability of funds for medium-term projects,
  and capacity to execute on time, with
  transparency
• Improvement of low-income housing situation,
  beginnings of development of housing stock
• Within 24 36 months
• Execution of large infrastructure and
  transportation projects
• 200 increase in financial resources of all local
  governments
• Complete and regularly updated Spatial Data for
  Mumbai to track city development and economic
  trends
• Within 5 years
• Roadmap for sustainable, environmentally friendly
  development of the region
• Mumbai restored as a vibrant urban centre of
  India!

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VOTEMUMBAI The way forward

• Agreement on VOTEMUMBAI Agenda
• Political parties
• State and local governments
• Civil Society institutions
• Community organisations
• Citizens
• Media
• Preparation for launch of VOTEMUMBAI campaign
• Clearly defined roles and responsibilities for
  campaign activities
• Detailed agreements on media support
• Preparation of supporting collateral
  documentaries, pamphlets etc
• Public consultations/ Orientation programmes for
  volunteers and supporters
• Response-capture mechanism
• Clear definition of milestones
• Launch of VOTEMUMBAI campaign
• Series of well-structured events to obtain
  critical mass of visibility
• Ongoing activities and updates on progress of
  campaign
• Newsletters, media coverage
• Achievement of all milestones

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Thank You
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Functions to be performed by Municipalities/ Ward
Committees/ Area Sabhas
  Note These are based on the list of functions
provided in Schedule XII (article 243W) of the
Constitution, as per the 74th Constitutional
Amendment
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