Diversity of Plants I: Classification

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Diversity of Plants I Classification

• DP Biology 2009

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Classification of Plants

• Domain? Kingdom?

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Classification of Plants

• Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Plantae

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Classification of Plants

• Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Plantae
• 12 surviving phyla of plants
• Show increasing adaptation to life on land
• Evolution of vascular tissue
• Decreased reliance on water
• for reproduction
• (Topic 5.5.3)

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Phyla Bryophyta

• Bryophytes include mosses, liverworts, and
• hornworts.
• No roots (have rhizoids,
• similar to root hairs)
• Very simple / no stem
• Very simple / no leaves
• No vascular tissue
• Produce spores in capsule
• Fertilization requires H2O

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Phyla Bryophyta
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Phyla Filicinophyta

• Filicinophytes include ferns.
• Roots, leaves, stems
• Leaves are pinnate (feather-like)
• Have vascular tissue
• Spores are found in sori on underside of leaves
• Fertilization requires H2O

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Phyla Filicinophyta

• Life
• Cycle

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Phyla Coniferophyta

• The Cone-bearing plants
• Includes pine, redwood, spruce, cedar, etc.
• One of the gymnosperm phyla

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Phyla Coniferophyta

• The Cone-bearing plants
• Includes pine, redwood, spruce, cedar, etc.
• One of the gymnosperm phyla
• Characteristics
• Woody stems
• Leaves, often needle-like
• Branching root system
• True seeds
• Use cones for both pollination and seed
  dispersal

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Phyla Coniferophyta
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Phyla Angiospermaphyta

• The Flowering plants
• Most abundant diverse phyla of plants today

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Phyla Angiospermaphyta

• The Flowering plants
• Most abundant diverse phyla of plants today
• True leaves, stems, roots
• Flowers for pollination fertilization
• Fruits for seed dispersal
• True seeds protected by carpel
• Woody or non-woody

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Phyla Angiospermaphyta
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Plant Evolution
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Monocotyledons vs. Dicotyledons

• Monocots
• One cotyledon (embryo leaf)

• Dicots
• Two cotyledons (embryo leaves)

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Monocotyledons vs. Dicotyledons

• Monocots
• One cotyledon (embryo leaf)
• Parallel veination in leaves

• Dicots
• Two cotyledons (embryo leaves)
• Net-like veination in leaves

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Monocotyledons vs. Dicotyledons

• Monocots
• One cotyledon (embryo leaf)
• Parallel veination in leaves
• Vascular bundles randomly arranged in stem

• Dicots
• Two cotyledons (embryo leaves)
• Net-like veination in leaves
• Vascular bundles arranged in ring inside stem

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Monocotyledons vs. Dicotyledons

• Monocots
• One cotyledon (embryo leaf)
• Parallel veination in leaves
• Vascular bundles randomly arranged in stem
• Flower organs in multiples of 3

• Dicots
• Two cotyledons (embryo leaves)
• Net-like veination in leaves
• Vascular bundles arranged in ring inside stem
• Flower organs in multiples of 3 or 4

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Monocotyledons vs. Dicotyledons

• Monocots
• One cotyledon (embryo leaf)
• Parallel veination in leaves
• Vascular bundles randomly arranged in stem
• Flower organs in multiples of 3
• Never woody

• Dicots
• Two cotyledons (embryo leaves)
• Net-like veination in leaves
• Vascular bundles arranged in ring inside stem
• Flower organs in multiples of 3 or 4
• Sometimes woody

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Monocotyledons vs. Dicotyledons

• Monocots
• One cotyledon (embryo leaf)
• Parallel veination in leaves
• Vascular bundles randomly arranged in stem
• Flower organs in multiples of 3
• Never woody
• Fibrous root system

• Dicots
• Two cotyledons (embryo leaves)
• Net-like veination in leaves
• Vascular bundles arranged in ring inside stem
• Flower organs in multiples of 3 or 4
• Sometimes woody
• Branching root system

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Monocotyledons vs. Dicotyledons
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Monocotyledons vs. Dicotyledons
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Monocotyledons vs. Dicotyledons
Distribution of vascular bundles in stem.
Monocot Dicot