Tropical Fruit

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Tropical Fruit??????????????
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• Consumer
• Health
• Exotic fruit

Extend demand
Fruit crop grower
Exportation policy
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Exotic Fruit
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• 37 fruit types (total 70) were selected in
  Beijing 2008, The Olympic Games

• Fresh fruit
• Longan
• Mango
• Durian
• Pomelo
• Etc.

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Origin and Distribution
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?

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?????????????????????????????????? (Cobley and
Steele, 1976)

• ??????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• Archaeobotany ?????????????
• ???????????????????
• ???????????? ????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????

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Definition
Important Things!!

• Origin
• Evolution
• Geographical Distribution
• Diversity

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Origin

• Species,
• not include cultivar
• Diffuse Origin

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Evolution

• Wild ? Complex and modern (development)
• Domestication wild plant ? growing plant
• Adaptation environment
• Hybridization natural breeding ? new cultivar
• Mutation Polyploidy genetic variation
• e.g. chromosome number, mutated plant

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Evolution (cont)

• Natural selection
• ???????
• ?????????
• Man selection

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Geographical Distribution

• Distribution of species and/or varieties from
  origin
• Plant
• Carrier wind, water, animal, human etc.

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Diversity

• ??????????????????? (species)
• ????????????????????????? (cultivars)
• Diversity from origin
• Diversity from evolution
• Diversity from geographical distribution

Genetic Diversity ????????????????????
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Diversity from origin

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Diversity from evolution

• ?????????? (cultivars) ??????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????????? ?????????????
• ????????????? ???????????????

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Diversity from geographical distribution

• ?????????? (cultivars)
• ???????????????????? (commercial cultivar)
• Origin
• ?????????
• ??????????????????

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The origin of tropical fruit

• N.J. Valvilov (1920)
• Valvilovs concept
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  ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
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• not any plant
• Growing plant
• Almost same origin and diversity
• Least different or diffuse origin and diversity

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Plant origin (Valvilovs concept)

• Old world centers
• China
• South Asia
• Indo-Hindustan
• South Asia
• Indo-Malayan
• Central Asia
• Near East
• Mediterranean
• Abyssinia

• New world center
• Central America
• South America
• Chile
• Brazil

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The origin of temperate fruit

• Zielinski (1955)
• Modern Systematic Pomology

• The Mediterranean Region
• The Japanese Chinese Region
• The Indo Malayan Region including the East
  Indies and The South Sea Islands
• Southern North America / The Mayan Aztic Region
• The West Coast of South America

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The origin of tropical fruit (Zielinski, 1955)
The Mediterranean Region
The Japanese Chinese Region
The West Coast of South America
South North America / The Mayan Aztic Region
The Indo Malayan Region including the East
Indies and the South Sea Islands
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The origin of temperate fruit (Zielinski, 1955)

• The Mediterranean Region

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The origin of temperate fruit (Zielinski, 1955)

• 2. The Japanese Chinese Region

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The origin of temperate fruit (Zielinski, 1955)

• 3. The Indo Malayan Region including the East
  Indies and The South Sea Islands

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The origin of temperate fruit (Zielinski, 1955)

• 4. Southern North America / The Mayan Aztic
  Region

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The origin of temperate fruit (Zielinski, 1955)

• 5. The West Coast of South America

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  (civilization) ?????????
• ??????????
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  ????
• ??????? ??????????????????????????

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???????????????????????????????????? (???)

• ???????????? ????, ?????, ????????,
  ????????????, ??????
• ?????????? ????????, ??????????
• ??????? ??????, ?????, ?????????
• ??? ???????, ???

?????????????
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??????????????????????????????????

• Valvilov
• Darlington (1963)
• Li (1969)
• Purseglove (1974)
• Simmonds (1974)
• Knight (1980)
• Verheij and Coronel (1991)

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????????????????????????????????????

• 23.5 ?N and 23.5 ?S
• Central and South America
• Africa
• Central Asia and India
• East and Southeast Asia

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Tropic of cancer (23.5 ?N)
Equater
Tropic of caprical (23.5 ?S)
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The origin of tropical fruit
Central Asia and India
Central and South America
Africa
East and Southeast Asia
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South Central America
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Africa
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Central Asia India
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East and Southeast Asia