Cosmic ray fluxes from stratospheric measurements Yuri Stozhkov and Nikolai Svirzhevsky P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

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Fig.2. Yearly averages of global air surface
temperature T obtained at the global network of
meteorological stations (ftp//ftp.ncdc.
noaa.gov/pub/data/anomalies/ global_meanT_C.all).
Blue horizontal line is the averaged temperature
for 1880 -2005. Vertical blue bars are standard
errors.
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Fig. 3. Zodiacal dust cloud (yellow color)

Jupiter

Earth




Zodiacal dust cloud

Venera

Main belt of asteroids



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Fig. 4. Global surface air temperature data (red
curve) and calculated sum of the spectral lines
with the periods of 196, 64, 33, and 21 years
(blue curve). Prognosis is shown up to 2050.
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Table 2. Spectrum of global temperature,
1880 2007 Amplitude Period
Phase .2843 195.9135
125.0219 .1699 64.4778 25.2840
.0783 33.0765 19.3411 .0844
21.0052 7.6293 .0350 8.9727
1.8544 .0433 7.5249 4.7773
.0317 6.4106 5.4168 .0382
5.1916 0.8966 .0255 3.7469
1.9661 .0306 3.6088 1.0313
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• 7. Is prognosis on the cooling climate justified
  or not?
• In Fig. 5 the change of ?T over the globe are
  shown for the period of 1985 present time. It
  is seen that in the beginning of the 21st century
  the warming process was stopped and during the
  recent years the climate cooling is observed.

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Fig.6. The monthly values of ?T smoothed with 5
points (red curve). Blue bar shows gradual
decrease temperature in the last years.
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Fig. 1. A standard radiosonde for measurements
of charged particle flux in the atmosphere 1
foamed plastic box 2 detectors of charged
particles (2 gas- discharged counters with an
aluminum plate of 7 mm thickness between them)
3 electronic scheme with high voltage power
supply and radio transmitter 4 atmospheric
pressure sensor 5 chemical batteries.
1
2
3
4
5
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Count rate of single counter, particles/min
Atmospheric pressure x, g/cm2
Fig. 2. Altitudinal profiles of CR fluxes
obtained at different latitudes from the
equatorial (Rc 14 GV, bottom curves) to polar
ones (Rc 0.03 GV, upper curves). The
measurements were performed in solar activity
minimum of 1987.
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Fig. 3. Time dependence of the global CR flux in
the northern polar atmosphere (Rc 0.6 ?? ) at
the altitudes from 25 km (upper red curve) till
12 km (lower orange curve).
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Fig. 7a, b. On the left panel (a) altitudinal
profiles of CR fluxes J(h) and on the right
panel (b) ion production rate q(h). The values
of J(h) and q(h) were measured and calculated at
the latitudes with different values of Rc (shown
near each curve) and correspond to the period of
high solar activity level.
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Fig. 8a, b. Left panel (a) Altitudinal profiles
of light ion concentrations n(h) Right panel
(b) Altitudinal profiles of CR fluxes. These
data were obtained during solar activity maximum
at the latitudes with different values of Rc
(figures near curves).
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Fig.2. Time dependence of solar activity (Douglas
V. Vogt, Kenneth H. Shatten. Group Sunspot
Number A new Solar Activity Reconstruction,
Solar Physics, 179, No. 1, pp. 189-219 (1998)
http//sidc.oma.be/index.php3).
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Fig. 7. Solar activity in 1996 2008 (red
points), prognosis of solar activity (blue curve-
this report, green curve- http//www.swpc.noaa.gov
/SolarCycle/index.html).