Polish strategy for municipal waste management and the European situation Ryszard Szpadt, Wroclaw Un

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Polish strategy for municipal waste
managementand the European situationRyszard
Szpadt, Wroclaw University of Technology
Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment Workshop
Praha, 2004
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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
National WM Plan
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Goals of WM Plans
Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment

• Reducing environmental impacts of wastes
• Creation of integrated and sufficient network of
  installations for waste recovery and disposal
• Realization of national policy of sustainable
  development

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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Waste management hierarchy
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Wastes
Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Municipal wastes actual situation

• Separate collection 150 000 tons, 1,2 of
  waste generation
• Composting 54 plants, capacity 240 000
  tons/year, 2 of waste
• Incineration 1 plant, capacity ca. 60 000
  tons/year, 0,50 od waste
• Landfills ca. 1100, 97 of waste, untreated

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Separate collection of municipal wastes
Recycling and disposal targets
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Biodegradable wastes targets for recovery and
allowed landfilling Actual capacity of recovery
plants 248 td tons/year
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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Packaging wastes targets for recovery and
recycling
POLAND till 2007 25 recycling 50 recovery
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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Packaging wastes recycling targets for
industry,
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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Packaging wastes actual situation

• Too small participation of communes in collection
  of packaging wastes (5 )
• Collection mainly in industrial and commercial
  infrastruktural organizations
• Too many weak recovery organization
• Industry achieved in 2002 demanded target of
  packaging waste recycling
• Lack of transparency and control of packaging
  waste management system

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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Packaging wastes reducing generation and
stimulating recovery

• Packaging fees
• Consolidation of recovery organizations
• Development of separate collection in communes
  with support recovery organizations
• Development of new installations for recycling
  and energy recovery form packaging wastes, among
  other thermal and biological methods

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Total wastes generation in Lower Silesia Region
in year 2002 (million tons)
Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
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Wastes from sector municipal actual situation
Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment

• only ca. 85 of total population makes use of
  authorized waste collection services
• only ca. 0,25 of waste produced is recycled
• only ca. 2 of waste is treated biologically
• raw wastes are mainly landfilled,
• most landfills do not meet environmental criteria
• lack of systems for collection and treatment of
  specific wastes bulky, hazardous, demolition,
  etc.,
• low fees for waste collection and disposal

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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Packaging and non-packaging wastes selective
collection
Where? 56 communities
Which fractions ? glass, paper, plastics
metals
Collection system ? Bring - containers Bags -
rarely
Efects 2002 ca. 2,6 thousand tons collected by
coomunes ca. 0,25 of waste generated ca.
1,18 of packaging
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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Municipal wastes Existing landfills and
recycling and disposal plants
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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Wastes from municipal sector - goals

• Waste avoiding and minimizing of waste generation
  
• Ensuring 100 collection of wastes before 2006
• Achieving of demanded rates for separate
  collection, recovery and disposal of particular
  streams of wastes in 2006-2015
• Achieving of demanded reducing rates for
  biodegradables in landfilled wastes in 2010, 2013
  i 2020
• Elimination of landfilling untreated waste till
  2015

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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Analysed scenarios of waste disposal
(mechanical-biological and thermal treatment
before landfilling

without
2002

thermal

without

2006

thermal

without

with thermal

termiczna

2010

thermal

with thermal
with thermal
without
two
two
2015



thermal

thermal

thermal

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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Analysed scenarios installation for thermal
treatment
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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Proposed waste management system

• Five main groups of actions
• separate waste collection
• recycling of selected fractions
• reducing of biofraction in wastes to be
  landfilled
• reducing of landfilling of wastes
• landfilling of only treated wastes

Transition from local solutions in scale of
particular communes to regional waste management
systems
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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Proposed system tasks

• Administrative and enforcement actions to achieve
  100 of waste collection (till 2006)
• Closing and reclamation of local landfills
  non-fulfilling environmental criteria (2005-2009)
• Modernization of landfills accepted for further
  operation (till 2009)
• Organization of regional waste management system
  (collection, transport, recovery, disposal) based
  on cooperation of communes for construction and
  operation of Centres of Waste Sorting, Recovery
  and Disposal
• Education of citizens

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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Proposed system locations of Centres
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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Proposed system locations of first civic
amenity sites
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Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
Waste pesticides
Old deposits ca. 225 Mg Pesticide contaminated
soil 675 Mg

• Goals
• Total control of actually generated pesticide
  wastes
• remediation of old deposits before 2010

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EFFECTS OF PLAN REALIZATION
Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment

• Closing and reclamation of ca. 100 municipal
  landfills
• Modernization of ca. 20 landfills
• Reducing of waste landfilling by 40
• Treatment of wastes before landfilling - till
  2015 reducing waste hazard
• Recovery of materials, compost, energy from waste
• Introducing BAT
• Monitoring and control of waste streams
• Increased control of industrial waste management
• Increased control of wastes from dispersed
  sources
• Collection of 100 of municipal wastes generated

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INVESTMENT PROJECTS
Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment

• ca. 20 Centres for Sorting, Recovery and
  Disposal
• Remediation projects for old landfills and
  pollution sources (pesticides, PCB, asbestos)
• Remediation of degraded areas (excavations,
  contaminated soils)
• Installation for recovery of industrial wastes

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Planned expenditures for waste management
Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment

• Investment and organization costs

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SOURCES OF FINANCINGMUNICIPAL WASTES
Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
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EMPLOYMENT CREATIONMunicipal wastes
Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment
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Low Silesian Waste Management Centre
Integrated Waste Management Life Cycle
Assessment

• Coordination of activities undertaken by
  municipalities and industry
• Evaluation of county and municipal waste
  management plans
• Evaluation of investment projects
• Creation of projects, support for project
  preparation
• Information exchange and discussion platform
• Education of citizens
• Monitoring of waste management in region