Magic mirror if I only could try to see myself as others would

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Magic mirrorif I only couldtry to see myself as
others would

• Leon Russell Magic Mirror

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C.H. Cooley looking glass self
self
other
we see ourselves as others see us
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3 elements of looking glass self (118)

• Imagination of our appearance to the other
• Imagination of his judgment
• A self-feeling, such as pride or shame

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Socialization

• Nature and nurture
• Cultural learning
• Socialization and Self

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Nature and nurture
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The old debate nature vs. nature

• Which is primary in determining human behavior?

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The newer debate

• Are some human behaviors genetically determined?
• Sociobiology some behaviors (e.g. male
  dominance) have a genetic basis
• No evidence of genetic causality
• No instinct in humans only reflexes

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Peter Berger

• For human beings, culture is our nature.

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Cultural learning

• Socialization defined
• Theories of child development
• Agencies of socialization
• Life course

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Socialization

• Lifelong process of social interaction through
  which people internalize knowledge, attitudes,
  values, and norms necessary for effective
  participation in social life
• The process of transferring culture from one
  generation to the next
• Unsocialized children cases show socialization
  needed for human behavior

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Theories of child development
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G. H. Mead Self, Mind, Society

• the social conditions under which the self
  arises as an object. (42)
• Self the I and the me
• Fully developed self goes through stages
• Imitation of significant other
• Play taking the role of one other
• Game generalized other, rules of the game
• Mind internal conversation with the generalized
  other
• Society the norms and values of society are
  internalized as the generalized other

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Gender socialization

• Gender roles appropriate behavior for ones sex
• Adults expectations affect how they respond to
  children based on their gender
• Toys, stories, media images all powerful
  influences (Weitzman, et. al. 1972)

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Agencies of socialization

• Groups or contexts in which significant
  socialization takes place

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Agencies of socialization

• Family
• Schools
• Peer groups
• Mass media
• Work

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Social identity

• Characteristics that others attribute to an
  individual
• Many dimensions, multiple identities
• Self-identity
• How we develop a unique sense of self
• This is an active process of self-creation in
  modern society

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Berger and Luckman Primary and secondary
socialization

• Primary socialization
• The individualis not born a member of society.
  (102)
• Definitions of situation are imposed by
  significant others based on their position and
  idiosyncracies
• These are internalized, form the basis of social
  identity
• This is a dialectic (identification by
  others/self-identification external society
  becomes internal generalized other p. 103-104)
• Secondary socialization
• internalization of institutionalsubworlds
  (107)
• Formal, specialized
• Education as best example

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The life course

• Childhood
• Teenage years
• Young adulthood
• Mature adulthood
• Old age

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What about freedom individuality?

• Society shapes us, yet society also gives us the
  ability to be free.
• Joel Charon