Engineering Frontiers

1
Engineering Frontiers

• Overview of Presentations / Exec. Summ.
• Introduction to the Future of Electronic
  Electricity Generation
• 7 February 2001

2
Goals for Today

• Review Presentation Format
• Review Executive Summary
• Overview of Conventional Electric Power
  Technologies
• Review Non-Faraday Generation Options

3
Research Presentations (40)

• 40 minute (multimedia) MS-Powerpoint
• 15 minutes for QA
• Introduction to Technology / Issue
• Historical Perspective Background
• Provide a strong grounding how this technology or
  issue emerged
• Why did it become important, Is it solving a
  growing or existing problem
• Was there a market need / societal need?

4
Research Presentation (cont.)

• Technical Description
• Describe the Technology or Issue in scientific
  terms
• What theories or principles govern its operation?
• Give us a Technology A 1.01 discussion on it
• Current Challenges / Constraints
• What are the critical constraints / success
  factors?
• Technological, basic science, social
• What needs to be done to get past them?
• Fundamental research, empirical, consensus
  building
• Who needs to be involved?
• What resources need to be mobilized?

5
Research Presentation (cont.)

• Who are the Principle Players?
• Discuss each and their motivation(s) for being
  involved
• What are they doing differently than each other?
• Approach, funding, partnerships, etc.
• Who is likely to succeed (first to market or
  major influencer of standards and policy)
• Impacts on Broader Society
• Engineering Scientific Community
• Social Structures Paradigms
• Governments (local -? multinational)

6
Research Presentation (cont.)

• Market Impacts Opportunities
• Quantify size from your research
• Next 5 years
• Long Term (creative thinking of applications)
• After markets - VCR example
• Quality of Life impacts

7
Research Presentation

• Summary should include
• Why you think this is important for engineers to
  know about
• What the future of this Technology holds
• Your prediction of its importance and impact
• What we should be looking for as indicators that
  a breakthrough has been reached
• Recommended follow on research or investigations
  in this area

8
Executive Summary Biblio.

• 25 of grade
• Technical Brief format
• 2 pages (1 sheet of paper)
• Competition for format design
• Prize to the winner
• All to conform to winning style and format
• IEEE or other technical paper (2 column)

9
Technical Brief - elements

• Introduction / Background / History
• Technology / Issue Summary
• Key Players Activities
• Key Factors Affecting Future of Tech/Iss
• What to look for in the next 5 years
• Potential Impact on Society Long Term
• Detailed Bibliography of just the best sources

10
Electricity Today

• Globally - 1997 Statistics
• Fossil Fueled Thermal 8.3 Trillion kWhs
• Hydropower 2.6 Trillion kWhs
• Nuclear 2.3 Trillion kWhs
• Geothermal, Solar, Other 0.2 Trillion kWhs
• Total 13.3 Trillion kWhs
• 99.9 Faraday Generators

11
Emerging Electric Technologies

• Renewables Wind, Solar (central receiver, dish
  stirling, trough, ocean thermal and PV), Biomass,
  Ocean (wave, tide, current), Geothermal
• Non-Renewables Fuel Cells, Microcogeneration
  systems, micro-fission reactor technology

12
Paradigm Shift

• the mainframe computer historically compared to
  the power and versatility of distributed PC
  networks
• Technology enabled, market driven
• Future of centralized generation and distribution
  

13
Electronic Generators

• Light - photovoltaics
• Heat - thermoelectrics
• Mechanical Motion - piezoelectrics

14
Photovoltaics

• History Becquerel 1838, Einstein 1905
• Development Bell Labs in 1950s
• Operative Parameters
• Future Market Growth
• 15 each year
• Growth to 5B market by 2010

15
PV Cell Types

• Single-Crystal Silicon (x-Si) Cells
• Ribbon-Silicon Cells
• Polycrystalline-Silicon (P-Si) Cells
• Amorphous-Silicon (a-Si) Cells

16
Thermoelectrics

• Seebeck Effect (1821)
• production of an electromotive force (emf) and
  consequently an electric current in a loop of
  material consisting of at least two dissimilar
  conductors when two junctions are maintained at
  different temperatures.

17
Thermoelectrics

• Peltier Effect (1834)
• French physicist and watchmaker
  Jean-Charles-Athanase Peltier observed that if a
  current is passed through a single junction of
  the type described above, heating cooling could
  result in the metals
• Peltier Devices
• Leading Manufacturer
• www.melcor.com

18
Market Applications

• Very early applications on Seebeck devices
• Japanese watch
• http//jin.jcic.or.jp/trends98/honbun/ntj990207.ht
  ml
• Heat scavenging devices for military applications

19
Piezoelectrics

• Pierre and Jacques Curie (1880)
• conclusive measurement of surface charges
  appearing on specially prepared crystals
• (tourmaline, quartz, topaz, cane sugar and
  Rochelle salt
• When subjected to mechanical stress
• More info http//www.piezo.com/history.html