Free iPods for Duke students ... says popular MP3 musi

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Strategies for Teaching Anatomy Physiology

• Hugh W. Harling EdD, LAT, ATC
• Methodist College, Fayetteville NC
• hharling_at_methodist.edu
• www.methodist.edu/athtraining/

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Overview

• Learning Process
• Critical Thinking
• Text / Book Based Resources
• Internet Resources
• Fun Ideas / Explanations
• Q A

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Learning

• Process of change
• Acquisition of new knowledge, skills or attitudes
• From study or life experiences
• Occurs over a period of time
• Lifelong process
• American Red Cross Fundamentals of Instructor
  Training, 2001

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MARS

• Motivation
• Association
• Repetition
• Senses
• American Red Cross Fundamentals of Instructor
  Training, 2001

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Motivation

• Any suggestions here I would appreciate !
• Difficult since students come to class with
  variety of backgrounds.
• One of the hardest things to do is motivate ALL
  students.
• Even harder to sustain motivation everyone has
  good days and bad.
• Contract for Grade ?

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Association

• One of the big keys to learning.
• Describes how things fit together and effect each
  other.
• Often Study systems in isolation and fail to
  connect from one to others.
• As we know, when one system of the body fails, it
  affects the others, some very quickly (AMI)
  others very slowly (Osteoporosis)

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Repetition

• No substitute for repetition
• Athletes spend hours fielding, throwing or
  hitting, They are training their BRAIN and
  body.
• You are asking your students to train their
  brains and one must practice to be able to
  perform when needed.

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Senses

• The more hands-on the better
• More about this later

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Technology has limits ?

• Free iPods for Duke students College says
  popular MP3 music players will be used to
  download lectures and books as well as songs.
• Stretch students

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Use games

• Brings out competitiveness / pre-test preparation
• Jeopardy multiple levels, teams
• Word Search
• Newspaper accuracies inaccuracies (Bonus points
  ?)
• Wrong word use correction
• Crossword puzzles
• Songs / sayings let them make up their own

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Use Pictures Video / DVD

• A picture (or graph, or) is worth a thousand
  words
• Make use of textbook graphic packages
• Lippincott Williams Wilkins (www.lww.com)
  Aclunds Atlas of Human Anatomy
• http//www.lww.com/product/?0-7817-4068-1

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Textbook Resources

• Scott Fong, Body Structures and Functions
• Delmar's Anatomy Physiology Challenge CD-ROM
  included free with each book.
• Gross anatomy photos with the line illustrations
  presented throughout the book for a side-by-side
  comparison.
• New Online Companion includes exercises, quizzes,
  animations, and additional teaching hints. A
  Powerpoint presentation with 25-30 slides per
  chapter is also included.
• Lab Activities have been added to each chapter to
  bring a new interactive dimension to learning.

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Textbook Resources

• Gary A. Thibodeau, PhD and Kevin T. Patton, PhD,
  The Human Body in Health Disease
• Included FREE with the softcover text is Body
  Spectrum Mosby's Electronic Anatomy Coloring
  Book CD-ROM
• Study Guide - Designed to help students master
  basic anatomy and physiology, this study guide
  provides students with additional self-study
  aids, including chapter overviews, topic reviews,
  application and labeling exercises, as well as
  answers to the questions.
• Softcover text includes FREE CD-ROM and MERLIN
  website atwww.harcourthealth.com/MERLIN/Thibodeau
  Patton/humanbody/) Study Guide by Swisher

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Other Text Resources

• Anatomy Coloring Book
• Physiology Coloring Book
• Memory Notebook of Nursing A collection of
  Visual Images and Mnemonics to increase memory
  and learning (Zerwekh, Claborn Miller, ISBN
  0-9628210-5-5)
• CD-ROMs textbook, ADAM,

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Using the Internet
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Evaluate Your Sources

• Information versus marketing blurring
• Pharmaceutical ads are they informational or
  ads or both.
• Skepticism should hold true for the internet just
  like TV if it is to good to be true it probably
  is just that or very expensive.

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Evaluate Your Sources

• Does the author have authority on the topic?
• What are the authors credentials?
• Is the information accurate for when it was
  written?
• Is there a consensus of opinion on this topic?
• What are the important ideas?
• What is the purpose of the source?
• Is the purpose to inform, to entertain, to teach,
  or to influence?

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Evaluate Your Sources

• Who is the author writing for?
• Is it biased in any way?
• Has the author looked at the material
  objectively?
• Does the author offer several points of view?
• How does the source help answer your question?
• Does the source provide valuable, relevant
  information?

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Internet

• Google Search Anatomy - 5,130,000 for Anatomy
  (0.16 seconds)
• Froogle Search Anatomy - 27,000 confirmed /
  204,000 total results for Anatomy. (0.46 seconds)
• Google Search - Physiology - 6,150,000 for
  Physiology (0.14 seconds)
• Froogle Search - Physiology - 4,280 confirmed /
  101,000 total results for Physiology. (0.58
  seconds)

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Numerous Useful Websites

• Teach Strategies Newsletter http//www.aw-bc.com/e
  vents/strategies/newsletters/index.html
• Advances in Physiology Education
  http//advan.physiology.org/
• Visible Human http//www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/Med
  Ed/GrossAnatomy/cross_section/index.html

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More Helpful Internet Websites

• Emory Medical School Biological Physical
  Sciences http//www.medweb.emory.edu/medweb/
• Radiology - http//www.netanatomy.com/
• Radiology - http//www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology
  /Anatomy/
• Anatomy of the Eye http//www.allaboutvision.com/r
  esources/anatomy.htm

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Multiple Organ System Quiz

• University of Minnesota WebAnatomy
  http//www.gen.umn.edu/faculty_staff/jensen/1135/w
  ebanatomy/default.htm

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Using Other Peoples Listings

• British Association of Clinical Anatomists
  http//www.liv.ac.uk/HumanAnatomy/phd/baca/bacalin
  ks.htm

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FUN Ideas
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Doorway

• Need appropriate key to enter room just as
  certain molecules need doorways (channels) and
  keys (carrier protein) to enter a cell.
• Alter key and door no longer opens (insulin
  diabetes)

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Idea Time - GI

• Sock or stockinette golf balls Shows
  peristalsis
• Chew food and swallow shows why chew and cut
  foods Fill stomach
• Open end of sock now Pyloric Sphincter cant
  empty entire contents at once, but one piece at a
  time.
• Can now discuss what is added by what to tract to
  break stuff down.

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Idea Time - Cardiac

• PVC pipe - clogging of artery same as how a
  drain clogs with hair, grim, Happens over time,
  
• Use playdough for plaque build-up
• Critical thinking what would cause the clog ?
• How long to show versus completely clog ?
• If clog shifts / breaks free now anatomically
  what is called , where will it go, ?
• By-pass cut section out and reroute
• Use drain cleaner to represent drugs
• Use pipe (or bottle cleaner) to represent
  angioblasty

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Idea Time Respiratory System

• Balloons Garbage bag
• Balloons represent alveoli and garbage bag the
  lung.
• Pop balloon lose capacity (alveoli) but lung
  stays inflated
• Use water in balloon to represent mucous or
  debris
• Two Garbage bags hold corners of outermost, suck
  in inner (Pneumothorax)

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Idea Time Filtration / Diffusion

• Filtration occurs through the body (Liver,
  Kidneys, Spleen, nutrients from blood into cells,
  )
• Rocks over drain small materials slip in and
  out of vascular system and large (proteins must
  stay in) unless can change shape
• Can also use a mesh screen formed like a tube to
  show flow into or out of (Tube within a tube)
• Watch out for the mess

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Diffusion

• Classic Experiment
• Color / matter moves from high concentration
  toward areas of low concentration.
• Food coloring (or tea sun tea anyone ?) into
  water

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Idea Time Musculoskeletal System

• 1 rope pulling hand over hand like bring up
  anchor
• 2 Ropes and four groups
• One group back to back each holding pull (shorten
  toward each other representing accordion
  action)

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Ideas from Others

• Cell light colored jello in cup add candies
  to represent different organelles
• Layers of skin cake or jello cool wipe.

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Bridging Summarizing

• Bridging connecting concepts
• Summarizing bring together facts concepts
• MUST bring example back to its technical
  terminology
• Will often remember the example but not why it
  was done or exactly what it showed
• Remember, Everyone will experience the lesson
  differently.

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Final Stop

• Methodist College Athletic Training Website
• http//www.methodist.edu/athtraining/

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References

• American Red Cross. (2001). Fundamentals of
  Instructor Training.
• Bailey, D. (1997). Research for the Health
  Professional A Practical Guide, Second Edition.
  F.A. Davis.
• Blessing, J. (2001). Physician Assistants Guide
  to Research and Medical Literature. F.A. Davis.
• Zybeck, K. Methodist College Reference Librarian,
  Portions Adapted from Teaching Information
  Literacy. Burkhardt, MacDonald, and Rathemacher.
  Chicago ALA, 2003