Journals and Repositories: an Evolving Relationship

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Journals and Repositoriesan Evolving
Relationship

• Stephen Pinfield
• University of Nottingham

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Two Routes to OA
OA Repositories
OA Journals
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Two Routes to OA?
OA Repositories
OA Journals
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Working Definitions

• Repository A set of systems and services which
  facilitates the ingest, storage, management,
  retrieval, display and reuse of digital objects
• Journal A collection of quality-assured
  articles, normally within a defined subject area,
  made available at regular intervals under a
  single ongoing title
• Open Access where the full content is freely,
  immediately and permanently available and can be
  accessed and reused in an unrestricted way.

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3 Models

• Repository ? Journal
• Journal ? Repository
• Repository ? Overlay Journal

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Journal
Repository

Repository ? Journal
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Repository ? Journal

• Described by EA Henneken et al (2007) looking at
  arXiv
• Repository houses self-archived pre-publication
  paper (pre and/or post prints)
• Paper submitted to journal and peer-reviewed
• Paper formally published in journal
• On formal publication, usage switches from
  repository to journal
• Model allows for continuation of current
  publication, dissemination and business models
  for repositories and journals

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Usage productive co-existence
Henneken, Edwin A. et al (2007) E-prints and
journal articles in astronomy a productive
co-existence. Learned Publishing 20 (1), 16-22.
E-print at http//arxiv.org/abs/cs/0609126
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Repository
Journal
Journal ? Repository
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Journal ? Repository

• Described by R Terry (2005) in relation to UKPMC
• Paper submitted to OA/hybrid journal for peer
  review
• Paper formally published in OA/hybrid journal
• Payment of OA fee allows re-use/deposit of
  publisherprepared version in repository
• Repository ingests article for long-term
  preservation
• Repository sets up article for re-use and
  analysis, including mining
• Model involves journal as the main vehicle of
  publication funded by author-side payments (new
  business model), plus extended role for repository

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UKPMC Deposits and Usage

• Currently 600,000 hits a month, a fourfold
  increase since launch
• Currently 60,000 article downloads a month, up
  from 20,000 in January 2007
• Current content stands at 1.4 million full text
  articles content is increasing by an average of
  40,000 articles a month
• UKPMC has seen marked increases in usage and
  deposit since January, possibly from ripple
  effect of US bill being passed in December 2007

With thanks to Philip Vaughan
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Repository
Journal
Journal ? Repository (2)
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Journal ? Repository (2)

• Described by DC Prosser (unpublished)
• Submission, peer review and selection take place
  under the auspices of journal
• Payment of OA fee to publisher
• Content stored in repository only journal links
  to repository
• Model has journal as initiator of publication but
  uses repository as publication venue, providing
  links to content

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Scholarly Communication Functions

• Registration
• Certification
• Dissemination
• Archiving
• Reward

• Repository ? Journal
• Journal ? Repository
• Repository ? Overlay Journal

HE Roosendaal and PAThM Geurts (1997) DC Prosser
(2005)
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Repository
Journal
Repository ? Overlay Journal
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Repository ? Overlay Journal

• Described JWT Smith (1997) AP Smith (2000)
• Paper deposited in OA repository
• Selected and featured in overlay journal
• Usually peer-reviewed by overlay journal
• Possibly exposed to other quality measures by the
  overlay journal
• Model involves repository as primary means of
  management and dissemination of content but
  (overlay) journal performs quality-assurance and
  awareness role

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3 Models

• Repository ? Journal
• Journal ? Repository
• Repository ? Overlay Journal

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Issues

• Changing shape of the journal
• Deconstructed journal
• Journal as quality stamp
• Journal as brand
• Changing shape of the article
• Single article in multiple journals
• Changing shape of publication
• Formal publication and dissemination
• Publication process

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Issues

• Repository infrastructure development
• Repositories (institutional and subject)
• Standards and policies
• Papers submitted
• Version identification and management
• Integrity assurance
• Standards
• Customer and practice for citations
• Version of record

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Repository Growth

• Directory of repositories - OpenDOAR
• www.opendoar.org
• 1157 open access repositories
• started registration in 2006 . . .
• 200 added in 2007
• . . . and nearly 200 added in first half 2008
• 81 are institutional

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Repositories by Continent
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European Repositories
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Repositories in Russell 1994 Groups

• University of Bath
• Birkbeck
• University of Birmingham
• University of Bristol
• University of Cambridge
• Cardiff University
• University of Durham
• University of East Anglia
• University of Edinburgh
• (University of Essex)
• University of Exeter
• University of Glasgow
• Goldsmiths

• Queens University
• (University of Reading)
• Royal Holloway
• University of St Andrews
• University of Sheffield
• SOAS
• University of Southampton
• University of Surrey
• University of Sussex
• University of Warwick
• UCL
• University of York

• Imperial College
• King's College London
• Lancaster University
• University of Leeds
• University of Leicester
• University of Liverpool
• Loughborough University
• LSE
• University of Manchester
• University of Newcastle
• University of Nottingham
• University of Oxford
• Queen Mary

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Issues

• Repository infrastructure development
• Repositories (institutional and subject)
• Standards and policies
• Papers submitted
• Other digital objects
• Version identification and management
• Integrity assurance
• Standards
• Customer and practice for citations
• Version of record

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Issues

• Quality-control/assurance practices
• At repository level
• Separation of peer review and dissemination
  functions
• Peer review and editing changes
• Post peer review quality measures/indicators

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Issues

• Business and funding models
• For the journal
• For the repository
• Research funders
• Institutional funding streams
• Developing value-added features
• Search services
• Data/text mining
• Linking data and publication

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Issues

• Content management and preservation
• Technical issues
• Process issues
• Responsibilities

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Issues

• Policy frameworks
• Funder requirements
• Institutional practices
• Research quality assessment REF
• Responsibilities
• Cultural issues

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Issues Summary

• Changing shape of the journal
• Changing shape of the article
• Changing shape of publication
• Repository infrastructure development
• Version identification and management
• Quality-control/assurance practices
• Business and funding models
• Developing value-added features
• Content management and preservation
• Policy frameworks
• Responsibilities
• Cultural issues