Why do juveniles who come from good families become delinquents

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• Why do juveniles who come from good families
  become delinquents?

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Crime is pleasurable

• Jack Katz
• Seductions of Crime
• James Q Wilson
• Thinking About Crime

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Review of Deterrence Theory

• Deterrence
• Specific Deterrence
• General Deterrence
• Absolute deterrence
• Incapacitation
• Certainty and celerity

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Products of Classical Criminology

• Determinate Sentencing
• Truth in sentencing

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Rational Choice Theory
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Rational Choice Theory

• Deterrence Theory is Crime or Event Based
• Rational Choice Theory is based on Economics

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Rational Choice Theory

• Expected Utility, a principal of economic theory
• MAXIMIZE PROFITS
• MINIMIZE LOSSES

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Rational Choice

• Beyond Probation
• Fear that the Criminal Justice System cannot
  protect the Public

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Rational Choice

• What affects expected utility?
• 1. Probability of arrest/conviction
• 2. Severity of punishment
• 3. Other variables
• a. Income available in legal or illegal
  activities
• b. Willingness to commit an illegal act
• c. Intelligence, age, education, family
  upbringing.

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Rational Choice

• Rational Calculation of Pleasure vs Pain
• Do the benefits of this crime outweigh what I am
  going to get?

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In Support of Rational Choice

• White Collar Crimes
• Criminal Conspiracies

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Burglary And Rational Choice

• Time of Commission
• What Time do Burglars work?
• What days?
• Where do they work?

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Rational Choice Tunnell

• Tunnell The Motivation to Commit Property
  Crime
• 53 out of 60, 88 reported that money was the
  motivating factor
• 3 of 60 reported a sense of accomplishment
• 2 Reported crime as sporting
• 2 reported vengeance

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Evaluating Rational Choice

• Empirical Support?
• Policy Implication?

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Rational Choice

• Example of factors that explain initial
  involvement in crime
• Background Factors
• Previous experience
• Solutions evaluated

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Project CEASEFIRE

• Study Completed By University of Missori, Kansas
• Focused Deterrence

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Project CEASEFIRE

• 47 Felons Said it Affected Whether they would
  carry a Gun
• 2 Reduction of Gun Crimes by Felons
• In Kansas City, Kansas 7 reduction

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Routine Activities

• A Personal or Property crime Requires
• Perpetrator
• Victim
• Object of property

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Routine Activities Variables

• Motivated Offenders
• Suitable Targets
• Capable Guardians

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The Criminal Event

• Focus on predictors of specific crimes, look at
  immediate (situational) factors
• Area
• Easily accessible, few police patrols, low
  security
• Home

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Motivated offenders taken for granted

• Assumption is that they are always present

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Lack of Capable Guardianship

• Strength in numbers
• Protection from police
• Less emphasis in this over time
• Informal social control
• Time spent at home

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Suitable Targets

• Value (, ability to fence)
• Visibility (sights and sounds)
• Accessibility (why autos are victimized)
• Weight and Mobility (high tech movement)

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Policy Implications

• Physical Crime Prevention
• Target Hardening
• Construction
• Strength in Number
• Defensible Space
• Criminal Hot Spots as convergence of three
  elements

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Aging Out process