Artificial System of Plant Classification

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Artificial System of Plant Classification

• Carl Linnaeus

• Born in Sweden (1707-1778)
• Father of Taxonomy

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Taxonomy

• Taxonomy based on reproductive organs.
• Class determined by Stamen
• Order by Pistils
• Problems
• Controversial

• The flowers' leaves. . . serve as bridal beds
  which the Creator has so gloriously arranged,
  adorned with such noble bed curtains, and
  perfumed with so many soft scents that the
  bridegroom with his bride might there celebrate
  their nuptials with so much the greater
  solemnity. . .

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Before Linnaeus

• Naming practices varied

For instance, the common wild briar rose
Rosa sylvestris inodora seu canina and Rosa
sylvestris alba cum rubore, folio glabro
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Artificial vs. Natural

• Artificial taxonomy was a system of grouping
  unrelated plant species by a common criteria
  (i.e. a flowers sexual organs)
• Natural classification reflects evolutionary
  relationships

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Artificial System of Plant Classification

• Carl Linnaeus

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Carl Linnaeus

• Born May 22, 1707 in Råshult, Sweden.
• Father was botanist/naturalist
• Attended Univ. of Lund and Univ. of Uppsala
• Traveled to Lapland (Blue Lake, CA) and collected
  537 plant specimens
• Married Sara Moraea in 1739
• Opened own medical practice specializing in
  venereal diseases
• Became professor at Uppsala
• Produced his sexual system of classification
  (Artificial classification)
• Invented binomial nomenclature

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What is Artificial Plant Classification

• Method of classifying plants based on a limited
  number of their physical and sexual
  characteristics

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Basics

• Sexual system
• Divided plants into 24 classes
• Classes based largely on the amount, union and
  length of stamens

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• Linnaeus' classification system for plants (I)
  Public Marriages (Flowers visible to everyone)
• Monoclinous (Husband and wife have the same bed)
  Hermaphrodite flowers stamens and pistils in
  the same flower
• Without Affinity (Husbands not related to each
  other) stamens not united by any of their parts
  
• Without Subordination (All the males of equal
  rank) stamens not in set proportion
• Monandria - One husband in marriage
• Diandria - Two husbands in the same marriage
• Triandria - Three husbands in the same marriage
• Tetrandria - Four husbands in the same marriage
• Pentandria - Five husbands in the same marriage
• Hexandria - Six husbands in the same marriage
• Heptandria - Seven husbands in the same marriage
• Octandria - Eight husbands in the same marriage
• Enneandria - Nine husbands in the same marriage
• Decandria - Ten husbands in the same marriage
• Dodecandria - Twelve to nineteen husbands in the
  same marriage
• Icosandria - Generally twenty husbands, often
  more
• Polyandria - Twenty males or more in the same
  marriage
• With Subordination (Some males above the others)
  Two stamens always shorter
• Didynamia - Four husbands, two taller than the
  other two