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Last

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Nord Pool. In 2000, Nord Pool experienced strong growth in all three of its ... Including the power cleared via Nord Pool, power contracts worth NOK 176.9 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Last


1
Välkomna!
Tänd hellre en Lampa, än klaga över
Mörkret! Elsystemanpassat Kinesiskt ordspråk
Doc. Bo Eliasson
2
Innehåll
  • Två hål i väggen - Vad finns bakom?
  • Kraftsystemet - Nordelsystemet i siffror
  • Avregleringen - Vad här hänt?
  • Några fysikaliska fenomen och definitioner
  • Hur kör man systemet
  • Frågestund

3
The Nordic Grid
4
Kraftsystemet
20 kV
400 kV
130 kV, nätstationer
400 kV och 130 kV kallas transmissionssystemet 10
kV och 400 v kallas distributionssystemet
10 kV, fördelningsstationer
400 V
..
Två hål i väggen
5
Vad kostar kraftsystemet?
  • Installerad effekt
  • Kärnkraft - appr. 10 000 MW. Nypris ca 150
    miljarder SEK
  • Vattenkraft - appr. 16 000 MW. Nypris ca 350
    miljarder SEK
  • Ledningsnät
  • Transmission appr. 30 000 km. Nypris ca 30
    miljarder SEK
  • Transformering Nypris ca 300 miljarder SEK
  • Distributionssystem Nypris ca 200 miljarder SEK
  • Totalkostnad för det elektriska energisystemet
    ca 1000 miljarder SEK

6
Hur mycket förbrukar vi?
Konsumtion 1999 ca 154 TWh T(tera)
1012 Vad betyder detta? Approximativt
producerade Bvk (båda blocken) ca 8 TWh/år Det
betyder att vi förbrukar ca 20 Bvk/år i
Sverige! Vindkraftens bidrag var ca 0.4 TWh!
7
From vertical toHorizontalOrganisation
8
Restructured CompetitionModel
Power Market
Generation
Generation
Transmission Open Access
.
Transmission Open Access
Open Access
Distribution
Distribution
9
NordpoolEnergi and Ancillary Service (A/S)Market
  • The Spot Market, Elspot (dygnsmarknad)
  • The Futures Market, Eltermin
    (veckomarknad och uppåt)
  • Elbas (Se - Fin)
  • Balance Services (timmarknad)
  • Regulating Power Market (15 min marknad)

Email nordpool.com
10
Nord Pool In 2000, Nord Pool experienced strong
growth in all three of its market business areas
physical trade, financial trade, and clearing
services. A total of 455.8 TWh (billion
kilowatt-hours) of electric power was traded at
the Nordic Power Exchange in 2000, at a total
value of NOK 54.4 billion. Including the power
cleared via Nord Pool, power contracts worth NOK
176.9 billion and a total power volume of 1,635.3
TWh were handled by the exchange in 2000.
11
Consumption, Se
MWh/h Last 8 days
12
Production, Se
MWh/h Last 8 days
13
Power Net Exchange, Se
MWh/h Last 8 days import - export
14
Exchange map
15
Regulation Power
Prices in SEK/MWh
16
Regulation Power
Volume in MWh/h
17
Elspot prices (SEK/MWh)
18
Elspot Volume, MWh/h
19
Reservoir, Se
of total Capacity
20
Svk Operativa Funktioner
21
Några definitioner
Spinning Reserve available production resources
for frequency, Voltage and Disturbance
Control Momentary Reserve (30 s) Fast Reserve
(15 min) and slow reserve ( 4 h) Balanced PM
Balance between Procurement and Demand Balance
Control Balanced generation and demand within 1
h. Primary Control Power fully activated
within 30 s Speed Gov. applied to the Turbines
and Hydro units Secondary Control Power
manually activated Frequency Control Strength
(MW/Hz) (Speed Gov. Capability) Time Error
caused by frequency deviation
22
Market Structure in Scandinavia
23
Market Structure in USACalifornia
24
Frequency control
25
Exempel
26
Dynamiska egenskaperEn Maskin
Lastvinkel
Last
F
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