Diagnostic

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Diagnostic Planning Tools addressing power
conflicts in NFPsScott GellerPower
Partnerships Seminar27 September 2004
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Todays interactive session

• Power aspect of NFP processes
• General overview of the Uganda NFP process
  (1999-2004)
• A 6-step process or tool to help address power
  issues in Uganda

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The power context of NFPs.

• Macro-policy building
• Forest sector planning
• Public expenditure budgeting
• where the national forest programme (NFP)
  influences the poverty reduction strategy (PRS)

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The power play often found in NFP processes.

• Forestry is an integral part of national
  development everyday life issues for ordinary
  people high development importance.but.
• Is a land issue, politically hot, and rarely
  gains positive press in developing countries
  poor public image..plus
• Forest authorities are often marginalised and /
  or corrupted inefficiency..so

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.the implications for forestry advocates.

• The forest sector struggles to show its real
  economic contribution to wider society
  ineffective advocacy .and therefore
• Is horrifically under funded SUSTAINABILITY
  ISSUE
• Forests disappear at faster rates than we can
  afford

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The power players in an NFP.

• Forest governors (policy builders, nfp
  convenors, technocrats in high places, civil
  society)
• Lead public agencies (ministers, boards,
  planners, budget holders)
• Fiscal reformers (finance ministries, World Bank)
• Development strategists (macro-economic planners,
  aid agencies)
• Data managers (poverty units, statistical
  departments)
• Politicians (representatives, parliamentary
  members)

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Uganda NFP background

• There was a recognised need for a sector-wide
  strategy between GoU and interested donors
• The NFP concept was developed by GoU in 1997/8

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Uganda NFP purpose

• - to create a positive, effective and sustainable
  policy and institutional environment for the
  forest sector in Uganda

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Uganda NFP context

• Forest resources
• decline in forest cover
• demand exceeds supply
• loss of agricultural productivity
• Poverty
• dependence on forests by the poor
• lack of poverty focus in the sector
• poor understanding of forestry livelihoods

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.more context.

• Forestry in the economy
• 6 of GDP
• employment for 1 million
• 95 of energy requirements
• substantial potential for economic growth

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Planning Diagnostic Tool

• A 6-step process that provides a mixed bag of
  ideas
• Strategies
• Methodologies
• Tactics
• Tips
• Checklists
• Questionnaires
• Indicators

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IIED Power Tool SeriesMarshalling Evidence to
Raise the Poverty-Forestry Profile

• Step 1. Inventory pro-poor forestry initiatives
• Step 2. Establish forestry-poverty linkages
• Step 3. Define data collection requirements
• Step 4. Develop forestry indicators
• Step 5. Harmonise PRSP/NFPs frameworks
• Step 6. Sell forestry

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Step 1. Inventory pro-poor forestry initiatives

• Review of initiatives build on field
  activities, views of the less powerful, tangible
  evidence for politicians, establish foundation
  for indicators, action based
• Analysis - what are the initiatives, problems
  being addressed, purpose, impact, outputs,
  activities, SWOT

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Step 2. Establish forestry-poverty linkages

• Livelihood issues / strategies ask the poor
  and maybe use the livelihoods framework
• Knowledge awareness and attitude survey
  techniques
• Service provision available or not, adequate
• Potential opportunities what are they

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Step 3. Define data collection requirements

• Types of data economic/social, environmental,
  policy/institutional
• Methods aggregated adminstrative, sample
  survey, register, remote sensing, inventories,
  etc.
• Responsibilities various tiers

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Step 4. Develop forestry indicators

• Be participatory get the right institutions
  involved who are they?
• Good indicators WB sourcebook
• Direct and unambiguous
• Measures factors that deal with objectives
• Various across groups, time and is sensitive to
  changes
• Can be tracked, not too costly
• Geared toward the strategic objective

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Step 5. Harmonise PRSP/NFP frameworks

• NFP ME strategy should be developed within
  national policies frameworks for ME
• Communicate the PRSP/NFP linkages in one ME
  framework

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Step 6. Sell forestry

• Identify entry points where decisions are being
  made
• High-level x-sectoral committees (eg, PRSC,
  agric/energy, decentralistion), Sector Working
  Groups (eg, ENR), etc.
• Prepare for your audience
• Analyse cross-sectoral problems, objectives,
  strategies, actions, etc.

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• A look back on what was used and worked.
• ..post facto, of course.

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Outputs from the process
Forest Sector
Review (FSR)
New Forest
Regulations
National
Review of Forest
Forest Plan
Initiatives
Process
Implementa
tion of NFP
New Forestry
New Forest
Policy
Act
NFA Launch
National Forestry
Authority (NFA)
Planning
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Step 1. Inventory pro-poor forestry initiatives

• Some attributes
• Forest sector review process lots of studies
• Masterlist of forestry-related initiatives was
  produced
• Demonstrates forestry extends beyond FD
• Geographic coverage, motivations and needs,
  livelihood links

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Review of Initiatives
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Step 2. Establish forestry-poverty linkages

• Forests provide income employment sale of
  products
• Fuelwood energy 90 of consumption
• Forest products - free goods
• Safety nets - against food shortages
• Cultural and spiritual values

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Step 3. Define data requirements

• Types of data
• Economic/social (employment, income generation,
  consumption, production, trade, market prices,
  investments, tree planting, access, firewood
  collection, biomass energy
• Environmental (forest cover, deforestation,
  inventory, growth, protected areas)
• Policy/institutional (GoU budget,
  ownership/management, civil society, districts,
  advisory services, research, training, awareness)

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Data (2)

• Methods
• UNHS, NFA, LG, MWLE, districts, NAADs
• Institutions
• UBOS, MWLE, URA, MTTI, NARO ..

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Institutional delivery framework
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Step 4. Develop forestry indicators

• Participating in Uganda Participatory Poverty
  Assessment Project
• Drafting indicators with Poverty Monitoring
  Analysis Unit
• Integrating forestry into UBOS Integrated
  Household Survey

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Evidence for finance Average distance to
collect fuelwood (.06 km in 1992 to .73 km in
2000)
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Step 5. Harmonise PRSP/NFP frameworks

• See table in paper.

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Step 6. Sell forestry

• Forest Sector Co-ordination Secretariat -
  high-level inter-ministerial steering (1999-2001)
• Poverty Eradication Action Plan
• ENR Sector Working Group
• PMA NAADs

Sub-Committees that Count!
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Challenges faced.

• Poor information
• Not seeing the wood for the trees
• Slow committees
• Immediate needs vs longterm benefits
• Political support

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The clear message we used.

• Forestry is not just about trees, it is only
  trees in so far as trees serve the needs of the
  people
• Does this make sense?

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Leveraging power to our advantage.

• Sound intelligence knowledge management systems
• Active participation, networking, consultation
• Lobbying, selling, advocacy
• Disseminating lessons - communications
• Finding political space, instilling ownership
• Being tactful
• Are foresters good at this?

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Final thoughts.

• Understand and fully engage with the political
  and economic realities in a broad public dialogue
• Facilitate agreement on a viable path of linking
  forestry poverty, rather than simply listing
  what change is needed

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